A sudden increase in the population of living organisms, generally animals. It is common in lower-ranking organisms such as locusts, planthoppers, rice stem borers, American fall webworms, skippers, and starfish, but it can also be seen in mammals such as lemmings and hares. It often causes great damage to crops and seafood, and red tides are an example of this. The main causes are environmental influences such as climatic conditions, a decrease in natural enemies, and an increase in food supply, but some organisms, such as the 17th-year cicada, have outbreaks that occur in genetically determined cycles (13 and 17 years). Outbreaks can also be accompanied by mass migration and phase mutations. Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
生物,一般には動物が急激に増殖して個体数が著しく増大すること。トノサマバッタ(飛蝗(ひこう)),ウンカ,ニカメイガ,アメリカシロヒトリ,イチモンジセセリ,ヒトデなど下等なものに多いが,レミング,ノウサギなど哺乳(ほにゅう)類でもみられる。農作物や魚介類に大害を与えることも多く,赤潮(あかしお)もこの例。原因は気候条件,天敵の減少,食物量の増大など環境の影響が大きいが,ジュウシチネンゼミのように遺伝的に決まった周期(13年および17年)で大発生するものもある。また大発生に伴って集団移動や相変異が見られることもある。
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