Jian-yao (English name)

Japanese: 建窯 - けんよう（英語表記）Jian-yao

A kiln located near Shuijizhen, Jianyang County, Fujian Province, China. This pottery kiln developed in the Song Dynasty as tea drinking became popular, and is famous in Japan for producing Tenmoku tea bowls. It is known that the kiln fired pottery under the name of Min Kiln during the Tang Dynasty, but became famous after firing Tenmoku tea bowls during the Song Dynasty. The iron-rich, dark brown clay is covered with a thick layer of jet black glaze called Tenmoku glaze. Tenmoku tea bowls fired at Jian Kiln are called Kensan, and are classified into Yohen Tenmoku, Yuteki Tenmoku, and Nogi Tenmoku depending on the change in glaze tone. The glaze color is also described as Togosan, Shakomadara, and Usan. Japan has many relics left behind by Zen monks from the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, and these are considered to be the most precious treasures of tea utensils.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，福建省建陽県水吉鎮の付近にあった窯。宋代に喫茶の流行に伴って発達した陶窯で，日本では天目茶碗の生産窯として著名。唐代に閩窯 (びんよう) の名で陶器を焼成したことが知られるが，宋代に天目茶碗を焼いてから一躍有名となった。鉄分の多い黒褐色の胎土に天目釉と呼ぶ漆黒色の釉が厚くかかっている。建窯で焼く天目茶碗を建盞 (けんさん) といい，釉調の変化によって曜変 (ようへん) 天目，油滴 (ゆてき) 天目，禾 (のぎ) 天目などに区別される。また釉色を形容して兎毫盞 (とごうさん) ，鷓鴣斑 (しゃこまだら) ，烏盞 (うさん) などと称する。日本には鎌倉・室町時代の禅僧らが将来した遺品が多数伝存し，茶器として最高の名宝とされる。

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