Oppositio (English spelling)

Japanese: 対当 - たいとう（英語表記）oppositio; opposition

Also called opposition. In formal logic, it refers to the relationship between two judgments or propositions that have the same subject and predicate but differ in quality (affirmative, negative) and quantity (universal, particular). There is a contradictory opposition between A (universal affirmative) and O (particular negation) and between E (universal negation) and I (particular affirmative), an opposite opposition between A and E, a lesser opposite opposition between I and O, and a greater-lesser (combined) opposition between A and I and between E and O. A method of reasoning that determines the truth or falsity of another judgment based on the truth or falsity of a given judgment is called "inference by opposition" (→ syllogism).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

対立ともいう。形式論理学において同一の主語と述語をもちながら，その質 (肯定，否定) ，量 (全称，特称) において異なる2つの判断，または命題の間の関係をいう。A (全称肯定) とO (特称否定) およびE (全称否定) とI (特称肯定) の間には矛盾対当が，AとEの間には反対対当が，IとOの間には小反対対当が，AとIおよびEとOの間には大小 (兼摂) 対当がある。なお与えられた判断の真偽に応じて，他の判断の真偽を判定する推理法を「対当による推理」という (→三段論法 ) 。

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