A position that sought to realize the political unification of Germany with Austria at its center in the mid-19th century. At that time, Germany was still divided into more than 30 states, and the urgent task was to achieve unification as soon as possible and transform into a modern nation-state. At that time, there was a conflict between Großer-Germanism and Little Germanism over the method of unification. The former wanted to build a Greater German Confederation in Central Europe with Austria, which still retained the glory of the old Holy Roman Empire, as its leader, while the latter wanted to exclude Austria and have Prussia take the lead. However, for Austria, which was a multi-ethnic state that contained many ethnic independence movements and was already on the verge of collapse, the realization of Großer-Germanism leading the German national unification movement was virtually impossible, and in the Frankfurt National Assembly, which deliberated the issue of German unification during the "Revolution of 1848" (March Revolution), the realistic line of the Little German faction won the majority. Even into the 1960s, Greater Germanism continued to enjoy strong support among the southwestern German states that were resentful of Prussian tyranny, but it came to an end with Prussia's crushing victory in the Austro-Prussian War of 1966. [Intelligence] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
19世紀なかば、オーストリアを中心としてドイツの政治的統一を実現しようとした立場。当時なお30余の領邦諸国家に分裂していたドイツでは、一刻も早く統一を実現し、近代的国民国家に脱皮することが焦眉(しょうび)の課題であった。その際、統一の方法をめぐって、大ドイツ主義と小ドイツ主義とが対立した。前者は、旧神聖ローマ帝国の栄光をとどめるオーストリアを盟主として中欧に大ドイツ連邦を建設しようとし、後者は、オーストリアを除外し、プロイセンの指導を主張するものであった。しかし、多民族国家として多くの民族の独立運動を内包し、すでに崩壊の危機に瀕(ひん)していたオーストリアにとって、ドイツの国民的統一運動を指導する大ドイツ主義の実現は、事実上不可能に近く、「一八四八年の革命」(三月革命)に際してドイツ統一問題を審議したフランクフルト国民議会では、小ドイツ派の現実路線が多数を制した。60年代に入ってからも、大ドイツ主義は、プロイセンの専横に反感をもつ南西ドイツ諸邦の間で根強い支持を得ていたが、66年のプロイセン・オーストリア戦争でプロイセンが圧勝したことにより、終止符を打たれた。 [良知 力] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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