In a broad sense, it refers to all educational activities organized by universities and other higher education institutions aimed at adults other than regular students, but usually refers to activities such as extramural research, continuing education, higher adult education, and university adult education conducted by a specific department of a university. It is also called university extension. Historically, it began in 1867 when a professor at Cambridge University offered an extension course, and by the 1880s it had become popular in various centers throughout England. Around 1885, American university leaders also began to pay attention to the British university extension program, and the most notable development occurred at the University of Chicago, where extension was incorporated as an organic part of the university's new university concept, and regulations were made for extramural centers, correspondence education, and various other programs. In many American universities, the number of adults enrolled in extension programs has rapidly increased, and some universities are reorganizing their institutions to give extension programs a more important position alongside regular courses. As higher education has become more popular, university extension programs have become an important driving force in universities in other countries as well. In Japan, as part of lifelong learning, many universities are making efforts to expand and open up their universities, for example by offering extension courses for adults. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
広義には,大学などの高等教育機関が主催する,正規の学生以外の主として成人を対象とする教育活動全般をさすが,通常,ある大学の特定部局が行う学外研究,継続教育,高等成人教育,大学成人教育などの活動をさす。大学開放とも呼ばれる。歴史的には,1867年ケンブリッジ大学の一教授が大学拡張コースを提供したのが始りで,80年代にはイングランド全土の各中心地で盛況を呈した。 85年頃アメリカの大学指導者たちもイギリスの大学拡張事業に着目するようになり,最も顕著な進展はシカゴ大学で起った。同大学の新大学構想のなかに拡張事業が有機的部分として組込まれ,学外センター,通信教育,その他各種の計画についての規程が設けられた。アメリカの多くの大学では,拡張事業に登録する成人の数は急増しており,拡張事業を正規の課程と平行した重要な位置におくために組織を再編成する大学も出てきている。高等教育の大衆化が進むとともに,こうした大学拡張事業は他の国々の大学でも重要な活力の一つとされるようになった。日本でも生涯学習の一環として,多くの大学が成人対象の公開講座を開設するなど,大学の拡張,開放に力を入れるようになっている。
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