Convex function

Japanese: 凸関数 - とつかんすう(英語表記)convex function
Convex function
Within the interval in which the function y = f ( x ) is defined, three points x1 , x2 , and x3 are taken such that x1 < x2 < x3 . For these three points,
If the above is true, then f ( x ) is called a convex function. If the points on the curve corresponding to x1 , x2 , and x3 are P1 , P2 , and P3, then the left side of the above inequality indicates the slope of the line segment P1P2 , and the right side indicates the slope of the line segment P2P3 . Moreover, the above inequality as a whole indicates that the slope of P1P2 is not greater than the slope of P2P3 . More simply, if the line segment P1P2 connecting two points P1 and P2 on the graph of the function y = f ( x ) is above the graph between those two points, then the function f ( x ) can be said to be a convex function. By this definition, linear functions would also be convex functions, but when this inequality is not ≦ but <, it is called a strictly convex function or a truly convex function.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
関数 yf(x) の定義されている区間内で,3点 x1x2x3x1x2x3 のようにとられているとき,これらの3点に対して,
が成り立てば,f(x) は凸関数と呼ばれる。 x1x2x3 に対応する曲線上の点を P1 ,P2 ,P3 とすれば上の不等式の左辺は線分 P1P2 の傾きを示し,右辺は線分 P2P3 の傾きを示しており,しかも上の不等式全体は,P1P2 の傾きが P2P3 の傾きよりも大きくないことを示している。もっと簡単には,関数 yf(x) のグラフ上の2点 P1 ,P2 を結んだ線分 P1P2 が,それら2点間にあるグラフよりも上にあれば,関数 f(x) は凸関数であるといってもよい。この定義では,1次関数も凸関数になってしまうが,この不等式が ≦ でなくて < になったときは,狭義の凸関数または真に凸な関数という。

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