Dvorak

Japanese: ドボルジャーク
Dvorak
Czech composer. Also known as Dvořák. Born as the eldest son of an innkeeper and butcher near Prague, he moved to Prague over his father's objections and studied hard to graduate from organ school. He made a living as a viola player in a small orchestra, and in 1866 he became the temporary theater conductor of the National Theatre in Prague, where he was mentored by Smetana. In 1878, he published the first set of orchestral pieces, Slavonic Dances, in Berlin, at the recommendation of Brahms, and quickly became famous. His creativity reached its peak in his mid-40s, and he also visited many countries, including England and Russia, where he was warmly welcomed. In 1891 he became a professor at the Prague Conservatory, and during his time as its director (1901-1904), he trained many musicians, including Suk and V. Novák (1870-1949). From 1892 to 1895, he was invited to America by the director of the newly established National Conservatory of Music in New York, and produced masterpieces such as Symphony No. 9, From the New World (New World Symphony), String Quartet No. 12, American (both 1893), and Cello Concerto (1895). A Czech nationalist composer who followed Smetana, his music shows a sophisticated fusion of German Romantic styles and Czech folk music idiom. Other representative works include String Serenade (1875), oratorio Stabat Mater (1876-1877), Piano Quintet (1887), Symphony No. 8 (1889), and opera Rusalka (1900). The intricate writing of his four symphonic poems (all 1896), including "The Noonday Witch," influenced Janacek. → Joachim → Related topics English horn | Christian music | Symphonic poems | Stabat Mater | Smetana String Quartet | Cello | Requiem

Dvorak

Austrian art historian. Born in Raudnitz. Became professor at the University of Vienna in 1909 and played an active role as a leading figure in the Vienna School. He attempted to understand art history not simply as the formal development of artworks, but also from the perspective of social history and spiritual history. His major works include "Art History as Spiritual History" (1924).
→ Related topics: Sächsel | Södermayer | Fry | Mannerism

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
チェコの作曲家。ドボルザークともいう。プラハ近郊の宿屋兼肉屋の長男として生まれ,父の反対を押し切ってプラハに上京,オルガン学校を苦学して卒業。小楽団のビオラ奏者として生計を立て1866年プラハ国民劇場の仮劇場指揮者に就任,スメタナの薫陶を受ける。1878年,ブラームスの紹介で管弦楽曲《スラブ舞曲》第1集をベルリンで出版,一躍名声を高めた。40代半ばから創作力は最盛期を迎え,また英国,ロシアなど諸外国を訪れて熱列な歓迎を受けた。1891年プラハ音楽院教授となり,のちの院長(1901年−1904年)時代をふくめ,スーク,V.ノバーク〔1870-1949〕ら多くの音楽家を育成した。1892年−1895年には新設のニューヨーク国民音楽院の院長に招かれて滞米,《交響曲第9番・新世界から》(新世界交響曲),《弦楽四重奏曲第12番・アメリカ》(ともに1893年),《チェロ協奏曲》(1895年)などの名作を発表。スメタナを継ぐチェコ国民楽派の作曲家で,その音楽にはドイツ・ロマン派の諸様式とチェコの民俗音楽の語法の高度な融合がみられる。代表作にはほかに,《弦楽セレナード》(1875年),オラトリオ《スタバト・マーテル》(1876年−1877年),《ピアノ五重奏曲》(1887年),《交響曲第8番》(1889年),オペラ《ルサルカ》(1900年)などがある。《真昼の魔女》など4つの交響詩(いずれも1896年)の精妙な書法はヤナーチェクにも影響を与えた。→ヨアヒム
→関連項目イングリッシュ・ホルン|キリスト教音楽|交響詩|スタバト・マーテル|スメタナ弦楽四重奏団|チェロ|レクイエム

ドボルジャーク

オーストリアの美術史家。ラウドニッツ生れ。1909年ウィーン大学の教授に就任し,ウィーン学派の重鎮として活躍。美術史を,単に作品の形式的な展開としてでなく,社会史的・精神史的観点から把握(はあく)しようとした。主著に《精神史としての美術史》(1924年)などがある。
→関連項目ザクスル|ゼードルマイヤー|フライ|マニエリスム

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