Stone flounder

Japanese: イシガレイ - いしがれい(英語表記)stone flounder
Stone flounder

A marine fish belonging to the order Pleuronectiformes and family Pleuronectidae of the class Osteichthyes. It is found along the coasts of Japan south of the Kuril Islands and Karafuto (Sakhalin), as well as along the coasts of the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan. It has no scales and its skin is smooth. Its Japanese name comes from the presence of several stone-like bony plates on the dorsal and ventral sides of the eyed side and on the sides of the body near the lateral line. The body color is often brownish-red, but some are greenish-brown. There are small white spots scattered on the body and fins.

They live on sandy and muddy bottoms at depths of 30 to 100 meters, but can also be found in bays and river mouths. They spawn in shallow waters from late autumn to winter. A 30-centimeter-long female can carry approximately 800,000 eggs. The hatched larvae are less than 3 millimeters long, and when they reach about 14 millimeters, their eyes move to the right. The juveniles live in shallow coastal waters such as bays, and grow to about 8 centimeters before migrating offshore. They reach 18 to 33 centimeters in two years, 28 to 40 centimeters in three years, and 35 to 46 centimeters in four years. Males do not grow to the same size as females. Growth varies greatly depending on the area. They feed on polychaetes, fish, crustaceans, etc. Hybrids with marsh flounder are sometimes caught, and a new species was once named Dolly Flatfish.

It is caught using bottom gill nets or bottom trawls, and is delicious when served raw, washed, simmered, etc. In the past, fish caught in Tokyo Bay were highly valued as "Edo-maemono".

[Kunio Amano]

[Reference] | Flounder | Metamorphosis
Major species of flatfish (1) [specimen illustration]
© Tadaaki Ohkata ">

Major species of flatfish (1) [specimen illustration]

Metamorphic Growth of Flatfish (Stone flounder)
© Tadaaki Ohkata ">

Metamorphic Growth of Flatfish (Stone flounder)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

硬骨魚綱カレイ目カレイ科に属する海水魚。千島列島や樺太(からふと)(サハリン)以南の日本各地の沿岸と朝鮮半島、台湾の沿岸に分布する。鱗(うろこ)がなく、皮膚は円滑である。和名は有眼側の背側と腹側の近くおよび側線の近くの体側に数個の石状の骨板があることに由来する。体色は茶褐色のものが多いが緑褐色のものもある。体や鰭(ひれ)に白色の小斑点(はんてん)が散らばる。

 水深30~100メートルの砂泥底に生息するが、内湾や河口域にもみられる。産卵期は晩秋から冬で、浅所にきて卵を産む。体長30センチメートルの雌ではおよそ80万個の卵をはらむ。孵化(ふか)直後の仔魚(しぎょ)は全長3ミリメートル足らずで、14ミリメートルぐらいに達すると、目が右側へ移動する。稚仔魚は内湾などの沿岸の浅所で生活し、8センチメートルぐらいに成長して沖合いへ移動する。2年で18~33センチメートル、3年で28~40センチメートル、4年で35~46センチメートルぐらいになる。雄は雌ほどの大きさまでには成長しない。海域によって成長差が著しい。多毛類、魚類、甲殻類などを食べる。ヌマガレイとの雑種がときどき捕れ、新種としてオショロガレイの名前がつけられたことがあった。

 底刺網(そこさしあみ)や底引網などで漁獲され、刺身、洗い、煮つけなどにすると美味である。古くは東京湾でとれたものを「江戸前物」として珍重した。

[尼岡邦夫]

[参照項目] | カレイ | 変態
カレイのおもな種類(1)〔標本画〕
©大片忠明">

カレイのおもな種類(1)〔標本画〕

カレイの変態成長(イシガレイ)
©大片忠明">

カレイの変態成長(イシガレイ)


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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