Delescluze - Louis Charles Delescluze

Japanese: ドレクリューズ - どれくりゅーず(英語表記)Louis Charles Delescluze
Delescluze - Louis Charles Delescluze

French revolutionary and journalist. Immediately after the July Revolution of 1830, he threw himself into the republican revolutionary movement, and until the moment of his death, he waged a courageous struggle against the bourgeois states of the July Monarchy, the Second Republic, the Second Empire, and the Third Republic, leading a turbulent life marked by repeated arrests, imprisonment, and exile.

During the February Revolution of 1848, he was a government representative for the Nord department, and later edited the newspaper "Democratic Social Revolution" of the Montagne Party, a radical republican party, in Paris. He was imprisoned and exiled to Cayenne (French Guiana) from 1853 to 1859, and in 1868 founded the newspaper "Le Reveille" (The Awakening), and strongly promoted the struggle against the Second Empire in its final stages. In 1870, during the siege of Paris in the Prussian-French War, he was elected mayor of the 19th arrondissement, confronted the surrender policy of the Provisional Government of National Defense, and was elected to the Commune Council with the revolution of the Paris Commune in March 1871. He served on the Foreign Affairs Committee, Executive Committee, and Military Committee in drafting the Paris Commune's "Declaration to the French People" on April 19, and was elected representative of the Ministry of War on May 10, where he led the Paris Commune's battle against the Versailles government. He died a heroic death on the barricades of the Place de la Château d'Eau (now the Place de la République) on May 25th, during the "Bloody Week" at the end of the Commune.

[Katsura Yoshio]

"The Old and the Young of the Paris Commune" by Katsura Yoshio (1982, Seibundo Shinkosha)

[References] | February Revolution | Paris Commune | French-Prussian War

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの革命家、ジャーナリスト。1830年の七月革命の直後から共和主義の革命運動に身を投じ、死の瞬間まで、七月王政、第二共和政、第二帝政、第三共和政のブルジョア国家に対する果敢な闘争を展開、逮捕、投獄、亡命の繰り返される波瀾(はらん)に満ちた生涯を送った。

 とくに1848年の二月革命時には、ノール県の政府代表委員となり、のちパリで急進共和派の山岳党の機関紙『民主社会革命』紙の編集にあたり、1853年から1859年まで投獄とカイエンヌ(フランス領ギアナ)への流刑の生活を送り、1868年には『ル・レベイユ』(目覚め)紙を創刊、末期の第二帝政に対する闘争を強力に推進した。1870年、プロイセン・フランス戦争のパリ籠城(ろうじょう)戦中は、第19区長に選出され、国防仮政府の降伏路線と対決、翌1871年3月のパリ・コミューンの革命とともに、コミューン評議会に選出された。4月19日のパリ・コミューンの『フランス人民への宣言』の起草にあたり、外務委員会、執行委員会、軍事委員会を歴任後、5月10日陸軍省代表に選ばれ、パリ・コミューンのベルサイユ政府との戦闘指導にあたった。コミューン末期の「血の週間」最中の5月25日、シャトー・ドー広場(現在のレピュブリック広場)のバリケードの上で壮烈な戦死を遂げた。

[桂 圭男]

『桂圭男著『パリ・コミューンの老人と若者と』(1982・誠文堂新光社)』

[参照項目] | 二月革命 | パリ・コミューン | プロイセン・フランス戦争

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