Jufukuji Temple

This temple is located in Ogigayatsu, Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture, and is of the Rinzai sect of Buddhism, Kenchoji school. Its name is Kikokusan Jufuku Kongozenji. The principal image is the Shaka Triad. It is the third of the Five Mountains of Kamakura. This temple was originally the residence of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, but after his death, Okazaki Shiro Yoshizane built Kamegayatsudo Hall on this site, and in 1200 (Shoji 2), Hojo Masako built a monastery with Eisai as the founder. After Eisai's death in 1215 (Kenpo 3), his disciple Taiko Gyoyu became the chief priest, and this temple came to occupy an important position in the history of early Japanese Zen Buddhism. In the Middle Ages, the temple was often burned down by war, and as the Ashikaga clan declined, it fell into disrepair. There used to be temples such as Shoryu-an, Gohon-an, Shokoku-an, Keiko-an, Daitaku-an, and Joko-an, as well as sub-temples such as Kentoku-ji, but now all that remains are the mountain gate, inner gate, Buddha hall, guest hall, and kuri. The temple treasures, a wooden standing statue of Jizo Bodhisattva, and the ink-on-paper inscription "Kissa Yojoki" are national important cultural properties. The principal image of the temple, a statue of Shaka (a prefectural cultural property), is said to have been made by Chin Wakei of the Tang dynasty, and is called Kagojaka (Basket Shaka) because it is covered with a basket. The grounds are a national historic site. At the foot of the mountain behind the temple is a tower housing a stupa said to be the grave of Minamoto no Sanetomo and Hojo Masako.

[Akira Suganuma]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

神奈川県鎌倉市扇ヶ谷(おうぎがやつ)にある臨済(りんざい)宗建長寺派の寺。詳しくは亀谷山(きこくさん)寿福金剛禅寺という。本尊は釈迦(しゃか)三尊。鎌倉五山の第三位。この寺はもと源義朝(よしとも)の邸宅であったが、その没後岡崎四郎義実(よしざね)がこの地に亀谷(かめがやつ)堂を建て、1200年（正治2）北条政子(まさこ)が栄西(えいさい)を開山として伽藍(がらん)を建立したのに始まる。1215年（建保3）栄西が没すると門弟退耕行勇(たいこうぎょうゆう)が住持し、この寺は日本の初期の禅宗史上で重要な地位を占めることになった。中世にはたびたび兵火にみまわれ、足利(あしかが)氏の衰退とともに荒廃が進んだ。かつては正隆庵(しょうりゅうあん)、悟本(ごほん)庵、松鵠(しょうこく)庵、桂光(けいこう)庵、大沢(だいたく)庵、定光(じょうこう)庵などや、乾徳寺(けんとくじ)などの塔頭(たっちゅう)があったが、いまは山門、中門、仏殿、客殿、庫裡(くり)を残すのみである。寺宝の木造地蔵菩薩(じぞうぼさつ)立像、紙本墨書『喫茶養生記(きっさようじょうき)』は国重要文化財。本尊の釈迦像（県文化財）は唐の陳和卿(ちんわけい)の作と伝えられ、籠(かご)で上を張ってあるところから籠釈迦(かごじゃか)という。境内は国史跡。なお、背後の山麓(さんろく)には源実朝(さねとも)、北条政子の墓と伝える五輪塔を納めたやぐらがある。

［菅沼　晃］

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