Italian chemist. Born in Casere, Monferrato. He studied under Berzelius and Liebig at the universities of Paris and Giessen, and in 1849 became a professor of chemistry at the University of Thuringia, where he held the position until 1882. In 1847, he obtained nitroglycerin by gently pouring glycerin into mixed acid (a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid), and discovered its strong explosiveness. He gave up on using it because of its inconvenient handling and tendency to explode, but later Nobel invented a way to use it as dynamite (1866), making an extremely important contribution to civil engineering and industry. [Wataru Kawanobe] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアの化学者。モンフェラトのカゼレに生まれる。パリとギーセンの大学においてベルツェリウスやリービヒの教えを受け、1849年にチューリン大学の化学教授となり1882年まで在職した。1847年、グリセリンを混酸(濃硫酸と濃硝酸との混合液)中に静かに注ぐことによりニトログリセリンを得、その強い爆発性をみいだした。その取扱いの不便さと爆発しやすさのために彼は利用を断念したが、のちにノーベルによってダイナマイトとしての利用法が発明され(1866)、土木や工業にきわめて大きな貢献をなした。 [川野辺渉] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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