A high pressure system with a higher temperature than the surrounding area at the same altitude (usually sea level, i.e. the surface of the earth). In general, warm high pressure systems are hot up to a considerable height, and only become colder than the surrounding area in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. The air pressure at a certain surface in the sky is the air pressure at the surface minus the weight of the air up to that surface, and since the warm parts are lighter than the cold parts, the decrease in air pressure is smaller in the warm parts as they move upward. Therefore, a warm high pressure system is taller and has a higher air pressure the higher it is. In the warm parts, downdrafts are dominant and there is a lot of clear weather. Subtropical highs, Ogasawara highs, North Pacific highs, and cut-off highs are warm highs. In contrast, there are cold highs. When viewed on a high-altitude weather chart, the Siberian high and the Sea of Okhotsk high also have warm highs structurally. [Atsushi Kurashima and Takashi Aoki] [Reference] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ある同じ高度面(通常は海面高度面すなわち地表)で、周囲よりも気温の高い高気圧。一般には温暖高気圧はかなりの高さまで高温で、対流圏上部や成層圏で初めて周囲より気温が低くなる。上空のある面の気圧は、地表の気圧から、その面までの大気の重量分を差し引いたものであり、温暖部分は寒冷部分より軽いので上空に向かっての気圧の減り方は温暖部のほうが小さい。したがって温暖高気圧は、上空ほど周囲よりも気圧が高く、背の高い高気圧である。温暖部分では下降気流が卓越しており晴天が多い。亜熱帯高気圧、小笠原(おがさわら)高気圧、北太平洋高気圧、切離高気圧(せつりこうきあつ)は温暖高気圧である。対照的なものに寒冷高気圧がある。シベリア高気圧、オホーツク海高気圧も、高層天気図でみると、構造的に温暖高気圧の部分がある。 [倉嶋 厚・青木 孝] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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