Republican Calendar - Kyowareki

This calendar was revised during the French Revolution after the Gregorian calendar's shortcomings were recognized. It is also called the French Republican calendar or the Revolutionary calendar. In September 1793, the year after the founding of the Republic, the Calendar Reform Committee was established, and the new calendar was published on November 24 of the same year and immediately implemented. The Republican calendar is based on the mean time of the Paris meridian, with days beginning at midnight and years beginning at the autumn equinox. There are 12 months in a year, 30 days per month, with 5 extra days (6 days in leap years) added to the last month. The traditional names of the months were abolished, and each month was divided into three tenths of 10 days each, with names given to each of the 10 days and a holiday at the end of each tenth. However, the tenth system was not popular, and the original week was used again on March 31, 1802. In 1806, the calendar system reverted to the original Gregorian calendar.

[Toshio Watanabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フランス革命の際、グレゴリオ暦の欠点を認めて改められた暦。フランス共和暦、革命暦ともいう。共和制創始の翌年（1793）9月、改暦委員会が発足し、同年11月24日新暦が公布、即時実施された。共和暦はパリ子午線の平均時で、日は夜半に始まり、年は秋分に始まる。1年は12か月、各月は30日とし、5日の余日（閏年(うるうどし)には6日）を最後の月に付加した。在来の月名を廃し、各月は10日ずつの三旬に分け、各10日に名称を付し各旬の最後を休日とした。しかし旬法は人気を得ず、1802年3月31日に再びもとの週が用いられることになった。1806年には暦法ももとのグレゴリオ暦に復帰した。

［渡辺敏夫］

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