Hematopoietic drug

Japanese: 造血薬 - ぞうけつやく
Hematopoietic drug

A drug that increases the number of blood cells, especially red blood cells. It is used to prevent and treat anemia. Iron preparations are used for iron deficiency anemia, while liver preparations, folic acid, and vitamin B12 preparations are used for pernicious anemia.

Liver preparations are made by drying the liver itself or by using an extract.

Iron preparations that are taken orally include ferrous orotate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous threonine, ferrous fumarate, and active ferric pyrophosphate, while saccharified ferric oxide (Fesin), ferric gluconate (Glufericon), Brutal, which contains sodium chondroitin sulfate and ferric chloride, and Cideferon (Ferricon) are used as injections. Ferrous sulfate sustained-release tablets (Ferro-Gradumet, Slowfie, Tetsucool S, etc.) are often used orally. When taking iron preparations, tea should not be used, as the tannic acid in tea will bind with the iron and render them ineffective.

Folic acid is commercially available as a 10% powder, 5 milligram tablets, and an injectable formulation containing 15 milligrams per milliliter. It should be taken orally at 5 to 20 milligrams per day, or injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly at 15 milligrams once a day.

There are four types of vitamin B12 preparations: cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin acetate, mecobalamin, and cobamamide. All are taken orally at 1000 mg per day, and 1000 mg is injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously. Cobamamide is available in capsules (containing 250 mg and 500 mg) and injections (containing 1000 mg). Cyanocobalamin is available in tablets (containing 1 mg) and injections (containing 0.5 mg and 1 mg). Hydroxocobalamin acetate is available in tablets (containing 250 mg and 500 mg) and injections (containing 1 mg per milliliter). Mecobalamin is available in capsules (containing 250 mg), tablets (containing 500 mg), and injections (containing 500 mg). Cobamamide is said to be a coenzyme form, and exists in the body along with mecobalamin.

[Fumiji Koho]

[Reference] | Anemia

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

血液のうちのとくに赤血球を増加させる薬剤。貧血の予防と治療に用いられる。鉄欠乏性貧血には鉄剤が、悪性貧血には肝臓製剤、葉酸、ビタミンB12製剤が用いられる。

 肝臓製剤は肝臓そのものを乾燥粉末としたり抽出物を用いて製したものをいう。

 鉄剤には、オロチン酸第一鉄、硫酸鉄、スレオニン鉄、フマル酸第一鉄、活性ピロリン酸第二鉄が内服で用いられ、含糖酸化鉄(「フェジン」)、グルコン酸第二鉄(「グルフェリコン」)、コンドロイチン硫酸ナトリウムと塩化第二鉄を含む「ブルタール」、シデフェロン(「フェリコン」)は注射剤として使用されている。内服では硫酸第一鉄の徐放錠(「フェロ・グラデュメット」「スローフィー」「テツクールS」など)がよく用いられている。鉄剤の服用に際しては、茶の中のタンニン酸と鉄が結合すると効果がなくなるので、お茶を用いてはならない。

 葉酸は、10%散と5ミリグラム含有の錠剤、1ミリリットル中15ミリグラム含有の注射剤が市販され、内服では1日5~20ミリグラム、注射は1日1回15ミリグラムを皮下または筋肉に注射する。

 ビタミンB12製剤には、シアノコバラミン、酢酸ヒドロキソコバラミン、メコバラミン、コバマミドの4種があり、内服はいずれも1日1000ミリグラム、注射も1回1000ミリグラムを皮下・筋肉注射または静脈注射する。コバマミドはカプセル(250ミリグラム、500ミリグラム含有)、注射用(1000ミリグラム含有)、シアノコバラミンは錠剤(1ミリグラム含有)、注射液(0.5ミリグラム、1ミリグラム含有)、酢酸ヒドロキソコバラミンは錠剤(250ミリグラム、500ミリグラム含有)、注射液(1ミリリットル中1ミリグラム含有)、メコバラミンはカプセル(250ミリグラム含有)、錠剤(500ミリグラム含有)、注射用(500ミリグラム含有)。コバマミドは補酵素型といわれ、メコバラミンとともに生体中に存在する。

[幸保文治]

[参照項目] | 貧血

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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