Also known as the Second Maori War. A series of armed conflicts between the Maori people of New Zealand and European colonists over land sales that occurred between 1860 and 1872. (1) First Taranaki War (1860-61) The colonial government needed land after the large-scale immigration of the 1850s, but the Maori decided not to sell it. In 1859, a deputy chief in the Taranaki region tried to sell land without the tribe's consent, leading to armed conflict, and British troops and militia surrounded the Maori fort with trenches. The Maori were defeated and made peace. (2) Second Taranaki War (1863-64) This war broke out in April 1863 when Governor G. Gray chased Maori from the Tataramaka area, and fighting also broke out in Waikato, the center of the Maori king movement. The British introduced gunboats and colonial volunteers, and the fall of Fort Orakau in April 1864 marked the effective end of the war. (3) Final Period (64-72): War spread throughout the North Island, and fanatical Hauhau warriors became the main force of the Maori. The colonial government continued the war against the wishes of the British government, and the war ended when both sides lost their military strength. Maori reservations were established in the central and western parts of the North Island, but much of their land was confiscated, and Maori society collapsed. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
第2次マオリ戦争とも呼ばれる。 1860~72年にニュージーランドのマオリ族とヨーロッパ植民者との間に土地売却をめぐって発生した数次の武力紛争。 (1) 第1次タラナキ戦争 (1860~61) 1850年代の大量移住民で植住民地政府は土地を必要としたが,マオリ族は不売を決定した。 59年タラナキ地方の副首長が部族とはからず土地売却を企てたことから武力衝突となり,イギリス軍と民兵は塹壕でマオリ族の砦を包囲。マオリ族は敗れて和を結んだ。 (2) 第2次タラナキ戦争 (63~64) 63年4月総督 G.グレーがタタライマカ地区からマオリを追ったことから勃発,同時にマオリ王運動の中心地ワイカトでも戦端が開かれた。イギリスは砲艦や植民地志願兵を導入,64年4月オラカウ砦が落ちて事実上の終戦となった。 (3) 最終期 (64~72) 戦火は北島全域に広がり,狂信的なハウハウ教団戦士がマオリの主力となった。イギリス政府の意に反して植民地政府は戦争を続行,両者とも戦力を消耗して終息した。北島中西部にマオリ保留地が設けられたが,多くの土地が没収され,マオリ社会は崩壊した。
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