An enzyme that hydrolyzes the β-1,4 glycosidic bond of cellulose. It is widely found in molds, soil bacteria, yeasts, mollusks, and higher plants. The way it acts on cellulose is not uniform, and even the same organism produces several types of cellulase. It is thought that they work together to help each other, with cellulases acting first to break down the cellulose into large pieces, and then, once the cellulose molecules have been shortened to a certain extent, other cellulases act to produce oligosaccharides and glucose. Molds and bacteria secrete cellulase outside the cell to break down external cellulose and make it easier for the cellulosic organism to take it in, and in mollusks such as snails, it acts as a digestive enzyme. Ruminants such as cows also break down cellulose with the help of cellulases from intestinal bacteria. [Ito Seiga] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
セルロースのβ(ベータ)-1・4グリコシド結合を加水分解する酵素。カビ類、土壌細菌、酵母、軟体動物、高等植物などに広く存在する。セルロースに対する作用の仕方は一様ではなく、同一生物が生産するセルラーゼでも数種類あって、初めに大きく分解するセルラーゼが働き、ある程度セルロース分子を短くすると、また別のセルラーゼが働いてオリゴ糖やグルコースを生ずるというように互いに助け合って働いていると考えられる。カビや細菌などは菌体外にセルラーゼを分泌し、外界のセルロースを分解して菌体に取り入れやすくしたり、カタツムリなどの軟体動物では消化酵素として働いている。また、ウシなどの反芻(はんすう)動物では腸内細菌のセルラーゼの力を借りて、セルロースを分解している。 [伊藤菁莪] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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