Born: May 28, 1807, Motiers, Switzerland Died December 14, 1873. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Swiss-born naturalist and geologist. He received degrees in philosophy and medicine from the universities of Zurich, Heidelberg, and Munich. In 1832 he went to Paris, where he met A. Humboldt and G. Cuvier. He was professor of natural history at the University of Neuchâtel (1832-46). In 1846 he went to the United States, where he became professor of zoology at Harvard University (47). He studied modern and fossil fishes, fossil animals, and glaciers, and after many years of research on glaciers, he concluded that ice sheets existed in Europe from geological times. He was also active as an educator, founding the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology (59) and a school for teaching natural history (73). He is also known as a strong opponent of C. Darwin's theory of evolution. His major works include ``Research on fish fossils'' (Recherches sur les poissons fossiles (33-43) and ``Research on glaciers'' (40). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1807.5.28. スイス,モティエ [没]1873.12.14. マサチューセッツ,ケンブリッジ スイス生れの博物学者,地質学者。チューリヒ,ハイデルベルク,ミュンヘン諸大学で,哲学,医学の学位を取得。 1832年パリに行き,A.フンボルト,G.キュビエらと交わる。ヌーシャテル大学博物学教授 (1832~46) 。 46年アメリカに渡り,ハーバード大学動物学教授 (47) 。現生および化石魚類の研究,化石動物の研究から氷河の研究に移り,氷河上での長年にわたる研究から,ヨーロッパにおける地質時代の氷床の存在を結論。ハーバード大学比較動物学博物館の創設 (59) ,博物学教育の学校を設立 (73) するなど教育者としても幅広く活躍した。 C.ダーウィンの進化論に対する有力な反対者としても知られる。主著『魚類化石の研究』 Recherches sur les poissons fossiles (33~43) ,『氷河の研究』 Études sur les glaciers (40) 。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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