Igloo - iglu (English spelling) Eskimo

Japanese: イグルー - いぐるー(英語表記)iglu エスキモー語
Igloo - iglu (English spelling) Eskimo

It is an Eskimo word meaning house, but is well known as the name of a snow hut used in winter, especially in northeastern Canada. The construction of an igloo is mainly done by men. First, a feeler is inserted into the snow to find the layer of snow with the right consistency and thickness. Next, the soft snow on the surface is removed with a shovel, and the edges of the igloo are traced on the layer of packed snow with a snow knife called a pana, which is made from a caribou antler. Then, using the snow knife, blocks are cut out, each about 20 inches wide (1 inch is about 2.5 centimeters), 25 inches deep, and 4 inches high. The blocks are stacked in a honeycomb shape, with the top layer being placed slightly inward. Finally, slightly smaller blocks are stacked to form the roof. The cut sides of the wall blocks are used as the floor. The above work is done by the men inside the igloo, while the women outside use a shovel to pack the soft snow into the joints and holes of the blocks. After that, sleeping platforms and dining tables are built inside the igloo, also using snow. Once the main part of the igloo is complete, a passageway and a porch are built, connecting it to the entrance of the igloo. The porch is used as a storage space and a doghouse, but it also functions as a windbreak.

[Oka Chikuma]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

家を意味するエスキモー語であるが、とくにカナダ北東部で冬季に使用される雪小屋の名称としてよく知られる。イグルーの設営はおもに男子が行う。まず探り棒を雪中に入れて、しかるべき固さと厚さをもった雪の層を探る。次にシャベルで表層の軟雪を取り除き、締まった雪の層の上に、パナとよばれるカリブーの角(つの)でできた雪ナイフでイグルーの輪部を描く。ついでこの雪ナイフを用いて幅20インチ(1インチは約2.5センチメートル)、奥行25インチ、高さ4インチほどのブロックを切り出していく。ブロックは、上段に積むものをいくぶん内側に置いてゆき、全体として蜂(はち)の巣状に積み上げる。最後に屋根となるいくぶん小さめのブロックを積み上げる。壁用のブロックを切り出した面は床として使用する。以上の作業はイグルーの内側にいる男子によって行われるが、イグルーの外側にいる女子はシャベルを用いて軟雪をブロックの継ぎ目や穴のあいたところに詰め込む。そのあとでイグルー内部に寝台や食卓を、これもまた雪を用いてつくる。イグルーの主要部が完成したところで、次に通路とポーチをイグルーの入口に接続してつくる。ポーチは貯蔵庫、犬小屋として用いられるが、防風としての機能も重要である。

[岡 千曲]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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