The largest Gothic cathedral in Northern Europe, located in Cologne, Germany. Construction began in 1248, and was completed and consecrated in 1322. However, the transepts and nave have been expanded and remodeled since then, and many parts of the cathedral are different in style from when it was first built. The cathedral has a five-aisle plan, with the nave and double aisles the same width, and there are two huge towers on the west front. The transept with the entrance protrudes one bay more than that of Amiens Cathedral, but the eastern half of the cathedral follows the Amiens plan and dimensions, and therefore the apse has an ambulatory and a group of radiating chapels. The final construction was completed in 1880, but various architectural defects due to the discontinuity of the construction period have been pointed out. For example, the proportions of the length and width of the nave were inaccurate, the heights of the vaults of the nave and side aisles were disproportionate, and while the base is powerful, the twin towers on the west front end up with repeated lace-like details at the top, resulting in dwarfing the main part of the cathedral. It can be said that German architects were still inferior to French Gothic architects in terms of the arrangement and coordination of the various architectural components. The cathedral was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1996 (World Cultural Heritage). [Katsuya Hamatani] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツ、ケルン市にある北ヨーロッパ最大のゴシック式聖堂。1248年に起工され、1322年に完成、献堂されたが、その後も翼廊、身廊などの増改築が行われたため、創建時と様式を異にする部分が少なくない。この聖堂のプランは五廊式で、身廊と二重側廊の幅は同じであり、そして西側正面に巨大な双塔が建っている。入口のある翼廊はアミアン大聖堂のそれよりベイ(柱間)1区画だけ余分に張り出しているほかは、この聖堂の東側半分はプランも寸法もアミアンを踏襲しており、したがってアプス(後陣)には周歩廊と放射状礼拝堂群が配されている。 最終的な工事は1880年に完了するが、工期の断続に基因する建築上の欠点も種々指摘されてきている。たとえば、身廊の長さと幅の比例が不的確であり、身廊と側廊の穹窿(きゅうりゅう)の高さが不つり合いであるとか、基底部は力感に富む構成をみせるのに、西側正面の双塔は、上部がレース状細部の繰り返しに終わり、この聖堂の主要部分を矮小(わいしょう)化する結果となっている点などである。建築各部の配置や調整において、ドイツの建築家はまだフランス・ゴシックの建築家に及ばなかったといえる。なお、この聖堂は1996年に世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。 [濱谷勝也] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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