Verismo (English spelling)

Japanese: ベリズモ - べりずも(英語表記)verismo
Verismo (English spelling)

A literary movement born in Italy at the end of the 19th century. It means "truism." Verismo was created by the leading writer of this movement, Verga, in Sicily, the southernmost part of Italy, which had not benefited from national unification and was left behind by industrial development, during a period when Italian romanticism and neoclassical literature, which had been linked to the desire for independence and national unity, lost their foundations of ideals and vitality and began to decline after the achievement of national unity. French naturalist literature, positivist thought, and the rapid development of industry and science brought about a tendency to seek truth from a scientific perspective. Capuana's critique "Modern Italian Drama" (1872) and "Letter to Salvatore Farina" attached to Verga's short story "The Lovers of Graminha" (1880) were the early theorists of this tendency. The main features of Verismo are its method of egolessness and the use of rough but clear and concrete language. Other writers who belong to this group include De Roberti, Serrao, Deledda, and Fucini. It is worth noting that Verismo literature was the undercurrent of Neorealism, as represented by Pavese and Vittorini.

[Kouhei Kawana]

In music, it refers to the anti-romantic tendency inspired by this literary movement that appeared in Italian opera from around 1890. Representative works of the so-called verismo opera include Mascagni's Cavalleria Rusticana (1890), based on an original by Berga, Leoncavallo's Pagliacci (1892), and Puccini's Tosca (1900).

[Yoshio Miyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

19世紀末期に生まれたイタリアの文学運動。「真実主義」の意。独立と国家統一の希求に結び付いていたイタリアのロマン主義文学あるいは新古典主義文学が、国家統一の達成により、その理想と活力の立脚点を失い、衰退に向かう時期に、イタリア最南端にあって、国家統一の恩恵にも浴さず、産業の発展からも取り残されたシチリアで、ベリズモはこの運動を代表する作家ベルガによって生み出された。フランス自然主義文学と実証主義思想、産業と科学の急速な発達は、科学的な視点から真実を探究しようとする傾向をもたらした。その傾向をいち早く理論化したのが、カプアーナの評論『現代イタリアの演劇』(1872)であり、ベルガの短編『グラミーニャの恋人』(1880)に付された「サルバトーレ・ファリーナへの手紙」であった。ベリズモの大きな特色は、まず没自我の手法であり、荒々しくはあるが平明で具象的な言語の使用であった。これに属する作家はほかにデ・ロベルティ、セラーオ、デレッダ、フチーニらがいる。なお、パベーゼ、ビットリーニに代表されるネオレアリズモ文学の底流となったのが、このベリズモの文学であった。

[川名公平]

 また音楽では、この文学運動に触発されて1890年ごろからイタリア・オペラに現れた反ロマン主義的傾向をいう。いわゆるベリズモ・オペラの代表作に、ベルガ原作によるマスカーニ『カバレリア・ルスティカーナ』(1890)、レオンカバッロ『道化師』(1892)、のほかプッチーニ『トスカ』(1900)などがある。

[美山良夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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