Orinou (English spelling) Zhe-na; Chê-na

Japanese: 折納 - せつのう（英語表記）Zhe-na; Chê-na

A Chinese financial system. Substituting another equivalent for the tax in kind paid to the government. For example, in the Tang and later double tax laws, the tax amount was initially set in coins, so payment in coins was the rule, but due to a shortage of copper coins, people in rural areas were forced to pay grain and silk instead of coins. This was called 'fold payment'. In the Ming Dynasty, the double tax was initially paid in kind, such as rice and wheat, but this was called 'honshoku', and payment in kind, such as silk, coin books, or silver, was called 'fold payment' or 'fold payment'.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国の財政制度。政府に納める現物の租税を別の等価物で代納すること。たとえば，唐以後の両税法で，初めは銭額で税額を定めたため，銭納が原則であったが，銅銭の不足から，農村では銭に代えて穀帛などを納めさせた。これを折納といった。明では初め両税は米麦などの現物納を原則としたが，これを本色といい，別の絹，銭鈔，銀などで代納するのを折色，折納といった。

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