Spinal anesthesia - spinal anesthesia

Japanese: 脊椎麻酔 - せきついますい

A type of local anesthesia. Anesthesia is achieved by injecting an anesthetic into the subarachnoid space of the spine, paralyzing the anterior and posterior roots of the spinal nerves. Since the puncture is often performed in the lumbar vertebrae, it is sometimes called lumbar anesthesia. Usually, the needle is inserted in the lumbar intervertebral space on the midline. The needle tip penetrates the dura mater and can be confirmed by the reflux of cerebrospinal fluid when it reaches the subarachnoid space. The needle is removed immediately after the local anesthetic is injected. The paralytic effect occurs within 2 minutes, and paralysis begins with the small nerves.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

局所麻酔の一種。脊椎のくも膜下腔に注射針を穿刺（せんし）して麻酔薬を注入し，脊髄神経の前根と後根を麻痺させることにより麻酔が得られる。腰椎に穿刺することが多いので，腰椎麻酔lumbar anesthesiaとよばれることがある。通常は，正中線上で腰椎の椎間腔で穿刺する。針先が硬膜を穿通し，くも膜下腔に達したことは，その際に髄液が逆流するので，それにより確認できる。局所麻酔薬注入後直ちに抜針する。麻痺効果の発現は2分以内に起こり，麻痺の順序は細い神経から起こる。

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Spinal anesthesia - spinal anesthesia

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