A term used to describe natural enemies sprayed instead of insecticides to control pests, as opposed to chemical pesticides. The advantages of biological pesticides are that they do not pollute the environment, there is little risk of resistant pests emerging, and they have little impact on other useful natural enemies. The disadvantages are that many factors are involved in effectively controlling pests, and mass production and storage are difficult to commercialize. Currently, biological pesticides include the mulberry mealybug parasitoid wasp (trade name "Mulberry mealybug") and the pine moth polyhedrovirus (trade name "Matsukemin"), and in Europe and America, products such as Aphelina moniliforme, phytoseiid mites, and Bacillus thuringiensis (trade name "BT agent") are commercially available. [Kei Morimoto] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
害虫の防除にあたって殺虫剤のかわりに撒布(さんぷ)する天敵をいい、化学農薬に対する術語。生物農薬の長所は、環境汚染がなく、抵抗性害虫の出現の可能性やほかの有用天敵に与える影響がほとんどない点で、短所は、害虫を有効に制御するには多くの要因が関与することと、大量生産と保存が商業ベースにのりにくいことがあげられる。現在、生物農薬として、クワコナカイガラムシの寄生バチであるクワカイガラヤドリバチ(商品名「クワコナコバチ」)と、マツカレハの多角体ウイルス(商品名「マツケミン」)があり、ヨーロッパやアメリカではオンシツツヤコバチ、カブリダニ、バチルス・チューリンゲンシスBacillus thuringiensis(商品名「BT剤」)などが市販されている。 [森本 桂] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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