One of the Okinawa Islands, this island is located 100 km west of the main island of Okinawa. It belongs to Kumejima Town, Shimajiri District, Okinawa Prefecture, and has an area of 59.11 square kilometers. It is an old volcanic island mainly composed of andesite that erupted during the Neogene Green Tuff period of the Cenozoic era, and its highest elevation is 310 meters (Uegusuku-dake). The western part of the island has a wide plateau of Ryukyu limestone, and the island is blessed with natural conditions such as water and arable land. Almost the entire island and the surrounding sea area are designated as Kumejima Prefectural Natural Park. Shimajiri Bay has a barrier reef, which is rare even in Okinawa. During the Ryukyu Kingdom era, it was also called "Kumi" and flourished as a trade relay point with mainland China, and a brewery (only the stone walls remain) was established there, making it a historically famous island. The island's name can be interpreted as "Kumi (rice) island," and rice cultivation has been thriving since ancient times, but today the main crops are sugar cane, pineapples, and tobacco leaves. Kumejima Tsumugi is also a folk craft. There are daily air and sea services from Naha, and it is a tourist destination with many scenic spots. The first record of Kumejima is in the Shoku Nihongi, an entry for December 5, 714, Wadou 7, which states, "There were 52 islanders on the island, including Shigaki and Kyumi." Population 8,756 (2009). [Shigekazu Mezaki] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
沖縄諸島の一つで、沖縄本島西方100キロメートルに位置する島。沖縄県島尻(しまじり)郡久米島町に属し、面積59.11平方キロメートル。新生代新第三紀グリーンタフ期に噴出した安山岩類が主体をなす旧期火山島で、最高標高は310メートル(宇江城(うえぐすく)岳)。島の西部には琉球(りゅうきゅう)石灰岩の広い台地をもち、水や耕地など自然条件に恵まれた島である。島のほぼ全域と周辺海域は久米島県立自然公園に指定される。島尻湾には沖縄でも珍しい堡礁(ほしょう)のサンゴ礁がある。琉球王府の時代には「球美(くみ)」ともいわれ、中国大陸との交易中継地として栄え、蔵元(くらもと)(現在は石垣が残る)も設置され、歴史的にも名高い島である。島名は「米(くみ)(米(こめ))の島」に通じ、古くから米作が盛んであったが、今日ではサトウキビを中心に、パイナップル、葉タバコが主要作物となった。また、民芸品に久米島紬(つむぎ)がある。那覇からは空・船便が毎日あり、名勝も多い観光地である。なお、久米島に関する記録としては、『続日本紀(しょくにほんぎ)』和銅(わどう)7年(714)12月5日条に「信覚(しがき)及球美等島人五十二人」とあるのが最初である。人口8756(2009)。 [目崎茂和] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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