Government agencies - SEIFUKAN KEIKIKAN

Japanese: 政府関係機関 - せいふかんけいきかん
Government agencies - SEIFUKAN KEIKIKAN

A general term for organizations with which the government has a relationship through investments and loans, which are established by special laws, have fully government-funded capital, and whose budgets and accounts must be approved by the Diet. Their budgets (government-related organization budgets), along with the general account and special accounts, make up the government budget.

Government-related organizations are operated independently as separate organizations from the general government administrative agencies, in order to provide flexibility and functionality in personnel, accounting, business activities, etc., and to promote efficiency through autonomous management. Their number has fluctuated, from 15 in 1978 (Showa 53) to 11 in 1989 (Heisei 1), and to 7 in 1999. As a result of administrative reform, as of fiscal year 2020 (Reiwa 2), there are only four organizations: Japan Finance Corporation (established in October 2008 by integrating the National Life Finance Corporation, Japan Finance Corporation for Small and Medium Enterprises, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Finance Corporation, and the international finance and other operations of the Japan Bank for International Cooperation), Okinawa Development Finance Corporation, Japan International Cooperation Agency (loan aid division), and Japan Bank for International Cooperation (established in April 2012 by separating from the Japan Finance Corporation).

Although it is easy to confuse them, the Shoko Chukin Bank (Shoko Chukin) and the Japan Housing Finance Agency, which is the successor to the Japan Housing Loan Corporation, which was a government-affiliated institution, are government financial institutions rather than government-affiliated institutions.

[Masatoshi Hayashi]

[Reference item] | Government financial institutions | Japan Finance Corporation

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

国が出資や融資を通じて関係をもっている機関のうち、特別法によって設立され、資本金が全額政府出資であり、予算・決算について国会の承認を得なければならないものの総称。その予算(政府関係機関予算)は、一般会計、特別会計とともに、政府予算を構成する。

 政府関係機関は、政府の一般的な行政機関とは別の組織として独立に運営されているが、それは人事、経理、事業活動などにおいて弾力性、機能性をもたせ、自主的運営によって効率化を図るためである。その数には増減があり、1978年(昭和53)には15あったが、1989年(平成1)には11、1999年には7に減少し、行政改革の結果、2020年度(令和2)時点では、日本政策金融公庫(2008年10月に国民生活金融公庫、中小企業金融公庫、農林漁業金融公庫および国際協力銀行の国際金融等業務を統合して設立)、沖縄振興開発金融公庫、国際協力機構(有償資金協力部門)、国際協力銀行(2012年4月に日本政策金融公庫から分離して発足)の4機関となっている。

 混同されやすいが、商工組合中央金庫(商工中金)や、政府関係機関だった住宅金融公庫の承継機関である住宅金融支援機構は、政府関係機関ではなく政府金融機関である。

[林 正寿]

[参照項目] | 政府金融機関 | 日本政策金融公庫(株)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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