A number that has a special meaning in a religious system and is used symbolically to represent something sacred. In Judaism, the following numbers were considered particularly sacred: 1 - represents the oneness of God (Deuteronomy 6:4). 3 - sacrifices of three-year-old sheep and cattle (Genesis 15:9) and three festivals (Exodus 23:13). 4 - considered a perfect number based on the four directions or four corners. Examples include the four rivers that flowed from the Garden of Eden (Genesis 2:10) and the four punishments (Ezekiel 14:21), but the four letters of God's name, YHWH, are considered sacred. 7 - 7, seen in the seven-day creation of the world, is considered the most sacred number. The Sabbath and Jubilee years are based on this number. 10 - a perfect number consisting of 3 and 7. Examples include the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20, Deuteronomy 5). 12 - Derived from the 12 months, as seen in the number of tribes of Israel. 40 - Most important as a repeating number, as seen in the number of days Moses spent on Mount Sinai (Exodus 24:18). Among these, in the New Testament era, the number 3, which represents the Trinity, came to have a special meaning, and sacred numbers are used symbolically, especially in the Book of Revelation. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
宗教的体系のなかで特別な意味をもち,聖なるものを象徴的に表わすために用いられた数。ユダヤ教において特に神聖な数と考えられたものには,次のようなものがある。1-神の唯一性を意味する (申命記6・4) 。3-犠牲として3歳の羊,牛 (創世記 15・9) および3つの祭り (出エジプト記 23・13) など。4-方位あるいは四隅から,完全数とみなされる。エデンの園から流れた4つの川 (創世記2・10) や4つの厳罰 (エゼキエル書 14・21) などがあるが,特に神の名を表わす YHWHの4文字は神聖なものとされる。7-7日間の天地創造などにみられる7は,最も神聖な数と考えられている。安息日およびヨベルの年は,この7に基づく。 10-3と7から成る完全数。十戒 (出エジプト記 20章,申命記5章) などがある。 12-12ヵ月から由来するが,イスラエル部族の数などにみられる。 40-循環数として最も重要。モーセのシナイ山での日数 (出エジプト記 24・18) などがそうである。以上のなかでも新約の時代においては,三位一体を表わす3が特別な意味を有するようになり,また特に『ヨハネの黙示録』では,聖数が象徴的に用いられている。
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