Book of the Covenant

Japanese: 契約の書 - けいやくのしょ（英語表記）Book of the Covenant

The oldest collection of laws in Israel, found in the Old Testament, Exodus, from the latter half of chapter 20 to the middle of chapter 23. The main body of chapters 21 and 22 consists of laws on the treatment of slaves and torts such as assault and theft, and is primarily conditional law, but also includes categorical law and the law of talio (retaliation), known as "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth." A considerable number of legal texts common to the laws of the surrounding world have been found, indicating that this collection of laws belongs to the cuneiform legal culture of the ancient East. [Namiki Koichi]

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

旧約聖書《出エジプト記》20章後半部から23章中ごろまでに認められるイスラエル最古の法律集。21～22章の本体部分は，奴隷の取扱い，傷害や窃盗などの不法行為に関する法から成り，条件法を主体とするが，断言法や，〈目には目を，歯には歯を〉で知られるタリオ(同害報復)法をも含んでいる。周辺世界の法に共通する法文がかなり見いだされ，この法律集が古代東方の楔形文字法文化圏に属することを示している。【並木浩一】

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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