Jens - Walter Jens

Japanese: イェンス - いぇんす(英語表記)Walter Jens
Jens - Walter Jens

German writer, critic, and literary scholar. He studied classical philology and German literature at universities in his hometown of Hamburg and Freiburg. Since 1949, he has lectured on classical philology and general rhetoric at the University of Tübingen, while continuing to write as one of the leading literary figures of "Group 47." His debut novel, The White Handkerchief (1947), was followed by No, the World of the Accused (1950), which portrayed the horror of a totalitarian state in which the only way to survive is to accuse innocent people, and he was recognized as one of Germany's leading writers of the time. He later wrote the impressionistic novel The Forgotten Face (1952), set in a nursing home in the south of France, and the short story The Testament of Odysseus (1957), which was based on ancient Greece. He published In Place of a Literary History (1957) as an attempt to reconstruct the history of German literature, and became aware of his own position as a "poeta doctus" (scholar-poet), a fusion of writer and thinker, stating that "modern literature is not simply poetry, but at the same time scholarship and philosophy."

After the Second World War, Jens felt a sense of crisis about the rapid conservative trend in Germany, and so he left the novel format and began to explore more direct means of narrative, such as essays and lectures. In his 1962 collection of essays, On German Style, he examines the rhetoric used by various writers (Thomas Mann, Lessing) and thinkers (Rosa Luxemburg, etc.), and argues that "in a society where the value of speech is degraded, good rhetoric is needed to enlighten individuals and change society." A similar awareness of the issue is continued in Republican Thoughts (1976), a collection of essays and lectures from the 1970s, where Jens further expresses sympathy for radical citizen movements and states that the mission of literature is to never despair about its powerlessness against reality, and never to affirm the injustice that exists.

Reflecting this awareness, Jens' literary activities are diverse. He has written many dramas for television, such as The Conspiracy (1968), which has Caesar as the main character, and has been a television program critic for many years. He has also adapted and translated many works from classical Greek literature, which is his specialty as an academic, and since the 1980s he has been increasingly involved in Christian-related essays and translations of the Gospels. He served as president of the German PEN Club from 1976 to 1982.

[Yutaka Oyamada]

"Contemporary Literature: In Literary History" (1961, Kinokuniya Shoten), translated by Kenichi Takamoto and Koji Nakano; "Judas's Advocate" (1980, Jordan Press), translated by Setsuko Oshio; "What is God for Literature?" (1988, Shinyosha), translated by Walter Jens and Hans Künck, translated by Kimiko Yamamoto;

[Reference] | Group 47 | Manchester | Luxembourg | Lessing

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの作家、批評家、文学研究者。故郷ハンブルクおよびフライブルクの大学で古典文献学とドイツ文学を学ぶ。1949年以降、チュービンゲン大学で古典文献学や一般修辞学を講ずるかたわら、「グループ47」を代表する文学者の一人として創作を続ける。デビュー作『白いハンカチ』(1947)に続く小説『否――被告の世界』(1950)では、罪なき他者を告発するほか生きるすべのない全体主義国家の恐怖を描き、当時のドイツを代表する作家として認められた。その後、南仏の養老院を舞台とする印象主義的な小説『忘れられた顔』(1952)、古代ギリシアに素材をとった短編『オデュッセウスの遺言』(1957)などを書く。ドイツ文学史を再構築する試みとして『文学史に代えて』(1957)を発表、「現代文学は単なるポエジーではなく、同時に学問であり哲学である」として、作家と思索者を融合させた「ポエタ・ドクトゥス」(学者詩人)として自らの立場を自覚する。

 第二次世界大戦後、ドイツが急速に保守化してゆくことに危機感を覚えたイェンスは、やがて小説という形式を離れ、随筆や講演といった、さらに直接的な語りの手段を模索し始める。1962年の評論集『ドイツの文体について』では、さまざまな作家(トーマス・マン、レッシング)や思想家(ローザ・ルクセンブルクら)が用いたレトリックを検証しているが、そこでイェンスは「言論の価値が貶(おとし)められている社会においてこそ、個人を啓蒙(けいもう)し、社会を変革するために、優れた修辞術が必要である」と説く。同様の問題意識は1970年代のエッセイと講演を集めた『共和主義的論考集』(1976)にも受け継がれているが、さらにここでイェンスは急進的な市民運動への共感を示し、文学もまた現実に対する無力さに絶望することなく、現にある不正をけっして肯定しないことがその使命であると述べている。

 こうした意識の反映として、文学者イェンスの活動は多岐にわたっている。カエサルを主人公とした『陰謀』(1968)など、多くの放送劇を書く一方、長年にわたりテレビの番組批評を担当。学者としての専門である古典ギリシア文学の翻案・翻訳も多数あり、1980年代以降はキリスト教関連の論考や、福音書の翻訳などの仕事が増えている。1976~1982年にはドイツ・ペンクラブの会長を務めた。

[小山田豊]

『高本研一・中野孝次訳『現代文学 文学史に代えて』(1961・紀伊國屋書店)』『ワルター・イェンス著、小塩節訳『ユダの弁護人』(1980・ヨルダン社)』『ヴァルター・イェンス、ハンス・キュンク著、山本公子訳『文学にとって神とは何か』(1988・新曜社)』

[参照項目] | グループ47 | マン | ルクセンブルク | レッシング

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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