A realist tendency that was promoted around 1970 in New York. It was given this name due to its extremely detailed depictions, and is also called hyperrealism. However, in many cases, the extreme depictions are not directed directly at the real thing, but rather involve a process of taking an exact copy of the real thing and then depicting it in detail. Photographs are, of course, impersonal depictions of objects, but the main characteristic of this tendency is the clear image or cruel image that is obtained by further impersonal reproduction of the object. This is why it is also called photo realism. The image captured by the camera's vision is a kind of fiction that is different from the real thing, but everyday life is already surrounded by this fiction, and in one sense this new kind of vision is considered to be reality. Superrealism is the artistic realization of this new vision. Examples of artists include Richard Estes, who captures cityscapes in a thoroughly homogeneous manner like a camera eye, and Chuck Close (1940-2021), who continues to paint enlarged portraits taken from the front. Superrealism also includes the sculptures of Duane Hanson and John De Andrea (1941- ), who create life-size figures and literally recreate everyday life. [Kenshiro Takami] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1970年前後からニューヨークを中心に進められた写実主義の傾向。極端に克明な描写からこの名が与えられ、またハイパーリアリズムhyperrealismともよばれる。ただし多くの場合、その極度な描写は直接実物に向けられるのではなくて、実物をそっくり写した写真をもう一度克明に描写するという手順を踏んでいる。もとより写真は没個性的に対象を写し取るのであるが、さらにそれを没個性的に再現することによって得られる透徹したイメージ、あるいは非情な映像がこの傾向の大きな特徴である。一方でフォト・リアリズムphoto realismとよばれるのはこのためである。カメラの視覚がとらえる映像は実物とは別物の、一種の虚構なのだが、すでに日常はこの虚構に包囲され、この種の新しい視覚を一面で現実とみなすに至っている。スーパーリアリズムはこの新しい視覚を作品化したものである。 作家としては、都市風景をカメラ・アイさながらに徹底して均質にとらえるリチャード・エステス、正面からの肖像写真を拡大して描き続けるチャック・クローズChuck Close(1940―2021)らがあげられる。スーパーリアリズムのなかには、等身大の人物像をつくり、文字どおり日常を再現するドゥエイン・ハンソン、ジョン・デ・アンドレアJohn De Andrea(1941― )らの彫刻作品も含められる。 [高見堅志郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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