Lazzaro Spallanzani

Japanese: スパランツァーニ - すぱらんつぁーに(英語表記)Lazzaro Spallanzani
Lazzaro Spallanzani

Italian biologist. Born in Scandiano. He studied law at the University of Bologna, then switched to natural sciences. He became professor of physics, philosophy, and natural sciences at the universities of Regio, Modena, and Pavia. He is famous for introducing experimental methods into zoology. He observed regeneration in the legs and tails of tadpoles and salamanders, and experimentally demonstrated that microorganisms do not develop in meat juice if it is heated and the neck of the container is sealed, becoming a pioneer in denying the theory of spontaneous generation. In embryology, he took the position of preformation, and performed various experiments to clarify the nature of the substance present in semen that stimulates the growth of the embryo in the egg. In particular, he denied the conventional idea that the odor in semen is necessary for fertilization, because filtering semen loses its ability to fertilize. He also succeeded in artificial insemination of amphibians, silkworms, and dogs. He also engaged in a wide range of physiological research, such as tissue respiration (cellular respiration) in the brain, muscles, liver, skin, etc., the role of gastric juices in digestion, and the function of the heart. His main work is Opuscoli di fisica animale e vegetabile (Physical Science of Animals and Plants) (1780).

[Sadao Yasugi]

[References] | Cellular respiration | Spontaneous generation | Artificial insemination | Preformation | Embryonic development

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリアの生物学者。スカンディアノに生まれる。ボローニャ大学で法律を修め、のちに自然科学に転じた。レギオ、モデナ、パビア各大学で、物理学、哲学、自然科学などの教授となった。動物学に実験的方法を導入したことで有名である。オタマジャクシやサンショウウオの足や尾で再生がおこることを観察し、また肉汁を加熱して容器の首を密封すれば微生物が発生しないことを実験的に証明して、自然発生説を否定する先駆けとなった。彼は発生学では前成説の立場にたち、精液中に存在して卵の中にある胚(はい)の成長を刺激する物質の性質を明らかにしようと種々の実験を行った。とくに、精液を濾過(ろか)すると受精能力が失われることから、精液中の臭気が受精に必要であるという従来の考えを否定した。また、両生類、カイコ、イヌで人工受精に成功した。そのほか、脳、筋肉、肝臓、皮膚などにおける組織呼吸(細胞呼吸)、消化における胃液の役割、心臓の作用など、生理学的研究にも広範な活動を示した。主著に『動物および植物の自然学』Opuscoli di fisica animale e vegetabile(1780)がある。

[八杉貞雄]

[参照項目] | 細胞呼吸 | 自然発生説 | 人工受精 | 前成説 |

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Superrealism - Superrealism (English spelling)

>>:  Sparaxis; wandflower

Recommend

Weather Resistance Breeding Project

...These scion and seed orchards supply cuttings ...

NMR Imaging - NMR Imaging

...By expanding various NMR information such as c...

Melanthium

...A North American perennial plant of the lily f...

British Technology Group - British Technology Group

...A policy field related to science and technolo...

Physical distribution

There are two aspects to the distribution process...

Olive - Olive

An evergreen tall tree of the Burseraceae family ...

Cucumber

…A general term for insects in the Cuculidae fami...

Gyouroubo

… The structure of a house reflects the social an...

Roan Ozawa

Year of death: July 11, 1801 (August 19, 1801) Yea...

Ergometrin

…Cows are weaker than horses. [Medicinal] Ergot c...

Euridice

...As a result, opera was born, and solo singing ...

"Oma Narifumisho" - Oma Narifumisho

...A reference book for nobles who are in charge ...

Ginpo (silver) - Enedrias nebulosus

A marine fish of the family Cnididae in the order ...

al-'āmmiya (English spelling) alammiya

…Although some popular literature reflects everyd...

Copper spear - Please

A bronze weapon with a blade attached at a right ...