Finnish politician and philosopher during the Russian period. A promoter of the national cultural awakening movement. Influenced by Hegelian philosophy, he wrote On the State in 1842, in which he argued that the essence of a nation lies in its national spirit. Under the reign of Nicholas I, his theories were shunned by the authorities, but from 1843 to 1849 he served as principal of a middle school in Kuopio in central Finland, while also publishing newspapers such as Maamiehen ystävä (1844-1855, Finnish) and Saima (1844-1846, Swedish), in which he argued that Finnish, the language of the people, should be made the national language in order to foster the national spirit. During the reign of Alexander II, he became a professor of philosophy at the University of Helsinki in 1856. He was appointed Minister of Finance in 1863, and in solving various economic problems, established Finland's monetary system in 1865. At the same time, he promoted policies regarding official languages, and in 1863 he met with Alexander II and stressed the need to make Finnish an official language, exerting a decisive influence on the issuance of the Language Decree, which recognized Finnish as having an equal status with Swedish. [Chieko Hagiya November 17, 2015] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシア統治時代のフィンランドの政治家、哲学者。民族文化覚醒(かくせい)運動の推進者。ヘーゲル哲学に影響を受け、1842年『国家論』を著し、国家の本質はその民族精神にあると説いた。ニコライ1世の統治下にあって、彼の論説は当局から忌避されたが、1843~1849年中部フィンランドのクオピオの中学の校長を務めるかたわら、『農民の友』Maamiehen ystävä(1844~1855、フィンランド語)、『サイマ』Saima(1844~1846、スウェーデン語)などの新聞を発行し、民衆のことばであるフィン語を国語とすることによって民族精神を養うべきであると主張した。アレクサンドル2世の時代になると、1856年にヘルシンキ大学の哲学教授となる。1863年財務大臣に任ぜられ、経済的諸問題の解決にあたり、1865年にフィンランドの通貨体制を確立させた。同時に、公用語に関する政策を推進し、1863年にアレクサンドル2世と会見してフィン語を公用語とする必要を説き、フィン語にスウェーデン語と対等の地位を認めた「言語令」の発布に決定的な影響を与えた。 [萩谷千枝子 2015年11月17日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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