Stolypin (English spelling) Pyotr Arkad'evich Stolïpin

Japanese: ストルイピン - すとるいぴん(英語表記)Пётр Аркадьевич Столыпин/Pyotr Arkad'evich Stolïpin
Stolypin (English spelling) Pyotr Arkad'evich Stolïpin

Russian politician. Born into a wealthy landowning aristocratic family. After graduating from St. Petersburg University, he worked in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In April 1906, he became Minister of the Interior, and in July of the same year, he became both Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior. He worked to suppress the revolutionary movement, and executed many terrorists, so the noose on the gallows at that time came to be called "Stolypin's necktie". On the other hand, he believed that reform of Russian society, especially agriculture, was essential to counter the revolutionary forces, and from 1906 to 1911, he passed a series of land reform laws encouraging peasants to leave the communes of their own volition and to consolidate and consolidate cultivated land. He aimed to capitalize agriculture, and by changing land ownership from communal to individual ownership, he wanted to make the peasant class a bulwark of the revolution and a pillar of Tsarism. As a result, by 1916, about a quarter of the farmers in Europe and Russia had left the communes, and the relatively wealthy farmers among them ran capitalist businesses, increasing Russia's grain production and exports. On the other hand, as a result, the peasants were divided into rich and poor, and a new conflict between rich and poor peasants was added to the existing conflict between the landlord nobility and the peasants. In 1811, he was shot and killed in Kiev.

[Tsuguo Tonokawa]

"The Russian Revolution and the Mir Community" by Koichi Yasuda (1971, Ochanomizu Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ロシアの政治家。富裕な地主貴族の家に生まれる。ペテルブルグ大学卒業後、内務省に勤務。1906年4月内相、同年7月首相兼内相となった。革命運動の弾圧に努め、多くのテロリストを処刑したところから、当時絞首台の縄は「ストルイピンのネクタイ」とよばれるようになった。他方、革命勢力に対抗するためにはロシア社会の改革、とりわけ農業の改革が不可欠であると考え、06年から11年にかけて、一連の土地改革に関する法律によって農民の自由意志による共同体からの離脱と、耕地の整理・統合を奨励した。彼は農業の資本主義化を目ざし、土地を共同体的所有から個人的所有に改めることによって、農民層を革命の防波堤にし、ツァーリズムの支柱にしようと考えた。この結果、16年までに全ヨーロッパ・ロシアの農家の約4分の1が共同体から離脱し、そのなかの比較的富裕な農民は資本主義的経営を行って、ロシアの穀物生産と輸出を増大させた。しかし他方では、その結果、農民が富農と貧農とに階層分化し、従来の地主貴族と農民との対立に、新たに富農と貧農との対立が付け加わることとなった。11年キエフで狙撃(そげき)され、死去。

[外川継男]

『保田孝一著『ロシア革命とミール共同体』(1971・御茶の水書房)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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