It is a chain hydrocarbon C 30 H 50 with six isoprene residues per molecule. It was discovered in shark liver oil by Mitsumaru Tsujimoto in 1916. It becomes the saturated hydrocarbon squalane C 30 H 62 by hydrogenation, which is used as a cold-resistant lubricant. In the body, it is synthesized by condensation of the heads of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate C 15 H 28 O 7 P 2 (involved in the biosynthesis of large terpenes and in the modification of the side chains of certain proteins and hemes). It is also found in small amounts in mammals. Squalene forms the tetracyclic skeleton of steroids through the action of monooxygenases and other enzymes, forming a precursor of cholesterol. Monooxygenases are a type of oxygenase that catalyze the reaction of introducing one oxygen atom of molecular oxygen into a substrate. [Takayoshi Wakagi] [Reference] | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鎖状炭化水素C30H50で、1分子内に6個のイソプレン残基をもつ。1916年に辻本満丸(つじもとみつまる)によってサメの肝油から発見された。水素添加で飽和炭化水素スクアランC30H62になり、これは耐寒潤滑油に利用される。生体内では、2分子のファルネシル二リン酸C15H28O7P2(大型のテルペンの生合成やある種のタンパク質やヘムの側鎖の修飾反応に関与)の頭どうしが縮合で合成される。哺乳(ほにゅう)動物にも少量みいだされる。スクアレンは、モノオキシゲナーゼ等の働きでステロイドの四環式骨格を形成し、コレステロールの前駆体を形成する。モノオキシゲナーゼは、オキシゲナーゼの一種で、分子状酸素の酸素原子1個を基質に導入する反応を触媒する。 [若木高善] [参照項目] | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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