Kinji Imanishi

Japanese: 今西錦司 - いまにしきんじ
Kinji Imanishi

Anthropologist. Born in Kyoto. Graduated from the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto Imperial University in 1928 (Showa 3). Received a PhD in Science in 1940, became a member of the Institute for Humanities at Kyoto University in 1954 (Showa 29), and became a professor there in 1959. In 1962, he also held the position of professor at the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University. After retiring from Kyoto University in 1965, he became a professor at Okayama University and served as president of Gifu University.

Based on his discoveries made through comparative observations of mayfly species around 1933, he proposed the theory of habitat segregation and developed a theory of biological social structure based on the concept of species-society. After World War II, he conducted research on Japanese macaques, chimpanzees, and other animals at the Kyoto University Faculty of Science and the Institute for Research in Humanities, laying the foundations for primate sociology in Japan. He contributed to the establishment of the Department of Physical Anthropology in the Kyoto University Faculty of Science and the Kyoto University Primate Research Institute, and trained many successors in a wide range of fields beyond anthropology and primatology. He criticized Western evolutionary theory, which emphasizes the struggle for survival, and proposed his own original theory of evolution based on the theory of the subjectivity and coexistence of species-society.

He was also known as a mountaineer and explorer, and organized many research teams to the Greater Khingan Mountains (1942), Mongolia (1938-1946), Karakoram (1955), Africa (1958-1964), and other places, and took the initiative in conducting field research himself. In 1982, he recorded having climbed 1,300 mountains in Japan. His many books include "The World of Living Things" (1941), "Nomadism and Others" (1948), "The Logic of Living Society" (1949), "Pre-Human Society" (1951), "My Theory of Evolution" (1970), and "Darwin Theory" (1977). He is Professor Emeritus of Kyoto University and Gifu University, and President of the Japan Alpine Club. He was selected as a Person of Cultural Merit in 1972 (Showa 47), and was awarded the Order of Culture in 1979.

[Junichiro Itani November 19, 2018]

"The Complete Works of Kinji Imanishi, 10 volumes (1974, 1975 / Expanded edition, 13 volumes, supplementary volume 1, 1993, 1994, Kodansha)"

[Reference] | Evolution theory | Natural separation

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

人類学者。京都に生まれる。1928年(昭和3)京都帝国大学農学部卒業。1940年に理学博士となり、1954年(昭和29)より京大人文科学研究所員、1959年に同所教授となる。1962年より京大理学部教授を併任、1965年に京大退官後、岡山大学教授を経て岐阜大学総長を務めた。

 1933年ごろのカゲロウの種間の比較観察による発見から、棲(す)み分けの理論を唱え、種社会の概念を基礎とする生物社会構造の理論をたてた。第二次世界大戦後は、京都大学理学部と人文科学研究所において、ニホンザル、チンパンジーなどの研究を進め、日本の霊長類社会学の礎(いしずえ)を築いた。京都大学理学部自然人類学講座、京大霊長類研究所の創設に寄与し、人類学、霊長類学にとどまらぬ広い分野にわたって多くの後進を育てた。西欧の生存競争を強調する進化論を批判し、種社会の主体性と共存の理論に立脚する独自の進化論を唱えた。

 登山家、探検家としても知られ、大興安嶺(こうあんれい)(1942)、モンゴル(1938~1946)、カラコルム(1955)、アフリカ(1958~1964)などへの多くの調査隊を組織し、自ら率先して野外調査を進めた。また、1982年には日本国内の1300山の登山を記録した。著書に、『生物の世界』(1941)、『遊牧論そのほか』(1948)、『生物社会の論理』(1949)、『人間以前の社会』(1951)、『私の進化論』(1970)、『ダーウィン論』(1977)など多数がある。京都大学名誉教授、岐阜大学名誉教授、日本山岳会会長。1972年(昭和47)には文化功労者に選ばれ、1979年に文化勲章を授与される。

[伊谷純一郎 2018年11月19日]

『『今西錦司全集』全10巻(1974、1975/増補版・13巻・別巻1・1993、1994・講談社)』

[参照項目] | 進化論 | すみ分け

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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