A general term for the 12 local feudal lords who ruled over Vietnam in the 10th century, shortly after the country gained independence from China. Vietnam had been under Chinese rule since the 2nd century BCE, but in 938 Ngo Quyen (Wu Quan) defeated the Southern Han Dynasty's intervening army and gained independence. Shortly after Ngo Quyen's death, local feudal lords took control of various regions, leading to a state of division. The most influential of these were Ngo Xuong Si (Wu Changchi) of Pingqiao, Kieu Cong Han (Jiao Gonghan) of Fengzhou, Nguyen Coan (Ryuen Kuan) of Sandi, Li Que (Li Kui) of Chaorui, Nguyen Tu Thiep (Ryuen Shoujet) of Xianyou, Le Duong (Lu Tang) of Hosoe, Nguyen Sieu (Ryuen Chao) of Xi Furie, Kieu Tuan (Jiao Shun) of Huihu, Pham Bac Ho (Fan Baihu) of Tengzhou, Ngo Nhat Khanh (Wu Riqing) of Tanglin, Do Khanh Thach (Du Jingshuo) of Du Dongjiang, and Tran Lam (Chen Lan) of Bukaikou, and 12 other local lords, collectively known as the Twelve Envoys. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
10世紀,中国から独立直後のベトナムに割拠した12人の土侯の総称。ベトナムは前2世紀以来中国の支配下にあったが,938年ゴ・クエン(呉権)が南漢の干渉軍を破って独立した。ゴ・クエンの死後しばらくして土豪が各地に割拠し,分裂状況となった。このうち有力なのが平橋のゴ・スオン・シ(呉昌熾),峯州のキエウ・コン・ハン(矯公罕),三帯のグエン・コアン(阮寛),超類のリ・クエ(李奎),仙遊のグエン・トゥー・ティエプ(阮守捷),細江のル・ドゥオン(呂唐),西扶烈のグエン・シエウ(阮超),回湖のキエウ・トゥアン(矯順),藤州のファン・バック・ホ(范白虎),唐林のゴ・ニャット・カイン(呉日慶),杜洞江のド・カイン・タック(杜景碩),布海口のチャン・ラム(陳覧)ら12人の土侯で,合わせて十二使君と呼ぶ。
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