Kakitsu Rebellion

This refers to the incident that occurred on June 24, 1441 (Kakitsu 1), when Akamatsu Mitsusuke invited Shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori to his residence in Nishinotoin Nijo, Kyoto, where he killed him during a Sarugaku banquet and then returned to his home province. He was then attacked by an army to pacify the shogunate, and on September 10 he committed suicide at Koshibe Castle, the guardian of Harima Province (Tatsuno City, Hyōgo Prefecture), resulting in the demise of the head of the Akamatsu clan. Mitsusuke succeeded his father Yoshinori after his death in 1427 (Oei 34), but at that time, Shogun Yoshimochi nearly confiscated his Harima Province. Although he held a high political position in the central political world afterwards, he gradually became estranged from Yoshinori because he favored Mitsumasa and Sadamura, who were illegitimate children of the Akamatsu clan. In 1439 (Eikyō 11), Yoshinori defeated the Kanto Kanrei Ashikaga Mochiuji (Eikyō Rebellion), and the following year, he killed Isshiki Yoshitsura and Toki Mochiyori and confiscated their territories, wielding great authority, and also confiscating the territories of Mitsusuke's younger brother Yoshimasa. It was in this tense situation that Yoshinori was assassinated. Mitsusuke immediately led his family and vassals down to Harima, where they held a funeral for Yoshinori at Ankoku-ji Temple in Kato County (Kato City) and performed a memorial service for the deceased. Meanwhile, the shogunate finally decided to subjugate the Akamatsu clan in early July, and in early August, an imperial decree to punish the Akamatsu clan was issued. The punitive force's advance did not go smoothly, but a large army led by General Hosokawa Mochitsune defeated the Akamatsu forces in the Battle of Akashi Maruzuka in late August, and Yamana Mochitoyo's army attacked from the Tajima Pass, forcing the Akamatsu forces to retreat to Sakamoto Castle (Himeji City) at the foot of Mount Shosha. The Akamatsu forces were defeated in the battle for Sakamoto Castle and retreated to Koshibe Castle (Kiyama Castle), but were surrounded by the forces of the Yamana clan, and on September 10th, Mitsusuke and others committed suicide. His eldest son, Noriyasu, sought refuge in his wife's family, the Kitabatake clan, the governor of Ise Province, but was killed, and his younger brother Yoshimasa's surviving child was raised by a relative of Yoshimasa's wife, the Sanjo clan. As a measure to deal with the situation after the rebellion, the position of Harima Shugo was given to Yamana Mochitoyo, that of Bizen to Noriyuki, and that of Mimasaka to Norikiyo. Obtaining the position of Shugo also meant obtaining the position of deputy governor of the provincial government territories and manors that were the subject of Shugo-uke, and the economic benefits were great. In addition, the confiscated lands related to the Akamatsu clan were given to the feudal lords of the Yamana clan's territories of Tajima and Bingo, but some of the former Akamatsu clan retainers continued to live in their original territories. After this, the power of the shogunate began to decline, and the shogunate's administration began to be carried out with the help of powerful daimyo, especially the Hosokawa clan and the Yamana and Ouchi clans.

[Kishida Hiroyuki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1441年（嘉吉1）6月24日赤松満祐(あかまつみつすけ)が将軍足利義教(あしかがよしのり)を京都西洞院二条の自邸に招き、猿楽(さるがく)の宴中に殺害して下国し、幕府討伐軍に攻められて9月10日播磨(はりま)国守護所越部城（木）山(こしべきのやま)城（兵庫県たつの市）に自害し、赤松氏惣領(そうりょう)家が滅んだ事件をいう。満祐は1427年（応永34）父義則(よしのり)の没後その跡職を継いだが、その際将軍義持(よしもち)に播磨国を没収されかけたことがあり、またその後中央政界において高い政治的地位を占めるが、義教が赤松氏庶子家の満政(みつまさ)・貞村(さだむら)らを厚遇したためにしだいに疎んじられた。義教は39年（永享11）関東管領(かんれい)足利持氏(もちうじ)を討ち（永享(えいきょう)の乱）、また翌年一色義貫(いっしきよしつら)、土岐持頼(ときもちより)を殺害してその領国を没収するなど強権を振るい、満祐の弟義雅(よしまさ)の所領も没収した。義教弑逆(しいぎゃく)はこのように緊迫した状況のなかで起こった。満祐はただちに一族家臣らを率いて播磨に下り、加東郡の安国寺（加東(かとう)市）において義教の葬儀を挙行し、供養(くよう)を行った。一方幕府はやっと7月初めに赤松氏討伐を決定し、8月初めには赤松氏治罰の綸旨(りんじ)が下された。討伐軍の進攻は順調ではなかったが、細川持常(ほそかわもちつね)を大将とする大手の軍勢は8月下旬の明石(あかし)人丸塚の合戦に赤松勢を打ち破り、また但馬(たじま)口からは山名持豊(やまなもちとよ)の軍勢が攻め込んで赤松勢を書写山麓(しょしゃさんろく)の坂本城（姫路市）まで退却させた。赤松勢は坂本城の攻防戦にも敗れて越部城（木）山城に撤退したが、山名氏の軍勢に包囲され、9月10日には満祐らが自害し果てた。なお、嫡子教康(のりやす)は妻の実家である伊勢(いせ)国司北畠(きたばたけ)氏を頼ったが殺害され、また弟義雅の遺児は義雅の妻三条氏の縁で養育された。乱後の処置として、播磨守護職は山名持豊、備前(びぜん)は同教之(のりゆき)、美作(みまさか)は同教清(のりきよ)に与えられた。守護職の獲得は守護請の国衙(こくが)領や荘園(しょうえん)の代官職を得ることでもあり、その経済的収益も大きかった。また赤松氏関係の没収地は山名氏領国の但馬、備後(びんご)の領主層に給与されたりしているが、そのまま本領に居住する赤松氏旧臣もあった。これ以後幕府の権勢は失墜していき、幕政は有力大名、とくに細川氏、山名・大内氏を両輪にして展開するようになる。

［岸田裕之］

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