It is generally believed in society that each individual has the right to protect their life and health, and the term "right to health" has been used frequently among those involved in public health since relatively early after World War II. However, the concept of "right to health" has not necessarily been recognized among legal scholars and administrative practitioners. This is because the Constitution stipulates that "All of the people shall be respected as individuals. Their right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness shall, to the extent that it does not interfere with the public welfare, be the supreme consideration in legislation and other governmental affairs" (Article 13), and that "All the people shall have the right to maintain the minimum standards of wholesome and cultured living" (Article 25, paragraph 1), and although the right to live a healthy life is proclaimed, these provisions have been merely "program provisions" that have no legal effect, and the human right of "right to health" cannot be said to be guaranteed by the Constitution. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
社会一般には,個々人に,生命・健康をまもる権利が与えられていると信じられており,また第2次大戦後において比較的早くから公衆衛生関係者の間では,〈健康権〉ということばがよく用いられてきた。しかし,これまで法律学者や行政実務家の間では,〈健康権〉という概念はかならずしも認められてこなかった。それは,憲法に〈すべて国民は,個人として尊重される。生命,自由及び幸福追求に対する国民の権利については,公共の福祉に反しない限り,立法その他の国政の上で,最大の尊重を必要とする〉(13条),あるいは,〈すべて国民は,健康で文化的な最低限度の生活を営む権利を有する〉(25条1項)と規定され,健康に生きる権利がうたわれているのにもかかわらず,これらの規定は法律上効力をもたない〈プログラム規定〉にすぎず,〈健康権〉という人権が憲法上保障されているとはいいえないという考え方が支配してきたからである。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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