A species of moss in the Polytrichum family. It has an upright stem 3-10 cm tall, and its leaves are lanceolate and 4-9 mm long. When dry, they are loosely attached to the stem, making the whole plant appear elongated. The edges of the leaves fold inward, covering the thin plate on the surface. The midrib protrudes slightly from the tip of the leaf and resembles an awn. The capsule stalk is 2-8 cm long. The capsule is square and columnar, and when young, it is covered with a hairy cap (moss cap). In Japan, it is found at high altitudes from Hokkaido to Kyushu, but its distribution is widespread throughout the world. Polytrichum formosum generally refers to plants of the Polytrichum family. Polytrichum commune is known in Japan as a group of 6 genera and about 30 species, all of which have broadly spreading leaves (although in rare cases they may degenerate and disappear), and stems with well-developed central bundles. The capsules are cylindrical, spherical, or prismatic, but the caps are often densely hairy. All species are dioecious, and in male plants, the leaves at the tip of the stem become short and wide, transforming into bracts (or bracts) that encase numerous antheridia. Polytrichum formosum has stems 3-13 cm tall and leaves 7-11 mm long, with the edges of the leaves not rolling inward. Polytrichum commune is very similar to Polytrichum commune, but the apical cells of the lamellae on the leaf surface are convex. Both species are found in humus soil in partial shade and near marshes, but are also widely used as materials for moss gardens. Pogonatum inflexum , also known as Niwasugi-goke, grows in colonies on the soil of lowland semi-shaded areas. The stems are 1-5 cm tall and the leaves are 5-8 mm long and slightly grayish green. The leaves shrink significantly when dry. The capsules are cylindrical and grow upright on 1-3 cm long stalks. Pogonatum spinulosum grows on moist soil in lowland semi-shaded areas, but the stems and leaves have degenerated and are hardly seen. The sporophytes that emerge from the blue-green protonema that spreads over the ground surface have stalks 2-4 cm tall and cylindrical capsules. [Hiroshi Inoue] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
コケ植物スギゴケ科の1種。高さ3~10センチメートルで直立した茎をもち、葉は披針(ひしん)形で長さ4~9ミリメートル、乾くと緩く茎に接着して、全形が細長くみえる。葉の縁(へり)は内側に折れ畳んだようになり、表面にある薄板を覆うようになる。中肋(ちゅうろく)は葉の先端からすこし突出して芒(のぎ)のようになる。蒴(さく)の柄(え)の長さは、2~8センチメートル。蒴は四角柱状で、若いときは毛の多い帽(ぼう)(蘚帽(せんぼう))で包まれている。日本では北海道から九州にかけての高所にみられるが、分布域は世界各地と広い。 スギゴケという場合、スギゴケ科の植物を総称して使われることが一般的である。日本で知られているスギゴケ科は6属約30種であるが、いずれも広く開出する葉をもち(まれに退化してなくなるものもある)、茎にはよく発達した中心束がある。蒴は円筒形、球形、角柱形となるが、帽には毛が密生することが多い。すべて雌雄異株で、雄株では茎の先端部の葉が短く、幅広くなり、苞葉(包葉)(ほうよう)とよばれるものに変化して、多数の造精器を包む。オオスギゴケPolytrichum formosumは茎の高さ3~13センチメートル、葉の長さ7~11ミリメートルとなり、葉の縁は内側に巻き込まない。ウマスギゴケPolytrichum communeはオオスギゴケによく似ているが、葉の表面にある薄板の頂端細胞が凸形になっている。両種とも半日陰地の腐植土や湿原の近くなどに多いが、苔庭(こけにわ)の材料としても広く利用される。コスギゴケPogonatum inflexumはニワスギゴケともよばれ、低地の半日陰地の土の上に群生する。茎の高さ1~5センチメートル、葉の長さ5~8ミリメートルで、やや灰色がかった緑色。葉は乾くと著しく縮れる。蒴は円筒形で、長さ1~3センチメートルの柄の上に直立してつく。ハミズニワスギゴケPogonatum spinulosumは低地の半日陰地の湿土上に生えるが、茎、葉は退化してほとんどみられない。地表面に広がる青緑色の原糸体から出る胞子体は、高さ2~4センチメートルの柄をもち、蒴は円筒形となる。 [井上 浩] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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