Sugaura

Japanese: 菅浦 - すがうら

A medieval settlement established in Azai County, Omi Province. The area encompasses Sugaura, now Nishiasai Town, Shiga Prefecture (now part of Nagahama City after merging). It is located in the western part of a peninsula at the northern end of Lake Biwa, overlooking Chikubushima Island on the lake. It was the residence of the Sugaura Offerings, who belonged to Mizushidokoro and Kuraryo, and who bore part of the daily offerings of Omi Province, and were guaranteed the privileges of fishing and free passage. There were 72 offerings in the early 14th century, and their offerings included carp, wheat, soybeans, and loquats. On the other hand, Sugaura was the domain of Chikubushima, a sacred site of Tendai Shugendo, and had the character of a manor, with its head temple, Enryakuji Dannain, as its main temple. As a result, from the latter half of the 13th century, there was a fierce border dispute for two centuries with Oura Manor, owned by Enman-in Temple of Omi Onjo-ji Temple, which claimed Sugaura as its own domain. During this long struggle, a strong sense of self-governance was cultivated within the domain, and a so with the right to self-inspect and censor was formed, issuing okibumi (letter of authority) to regulate its members, owning land, and undertaking to collect taxes. However, with the emergence of the Azai clan, a feudal lord during the Warring States period, the domain abandoned its right to self-inspect and censor, and in the early modern period it was forced to reduce its autonomy. Over 1,000 documents known as the Sugaura Documents (Important Cultural Property) remain, detailing the history of Sugaura from generation to generation.
→ Related article Oura-so

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

近江国浅井(あざい)郡に成立した中世集落。現滋賀県西浅井町（合併し，現在は長浜市）菅浦一帯。琵琶湖北端の半島状地西部にあり，湖上に竹生島を望む。御厨子所(みずしどころ)や内蔵寮(くらりょう)に属して近江国の日次供御(ひなみくご)を一部負担し，漁労や自由通行の特権を保障された菅浦供御人の居住地。14世紀初頭の供御人は72人で供御は鯉・麦・大豆・枇杷。一方で菅浦は天台修験の霊場竹生島領であり，その本寺延暦寺檀那院を本家とする荘園的性格を持っていた。そのため菅浦を自荘内と主張する近江園城(おんじょう)寺円満院領大浦荘とは，13世紀後半頃から２世紀にわたる熾烈な境相論(さかいそうろん)を繰り返すことになる。この長い抗争の中で内部では強い自治意識が培われ，自検断権を持つ惣(そう)が成立，惣構成員を規制する置文(おきぶみ)を出し，惣有地を持ち，年貢の請け負いも行った。しかし戦国大名浅井氏の登場で自検断を放棄，近世になると自治の縮小を余儀なくされた。こうした菅浦の歴史を代々詳細に記録した1000点余の《菅浦文書》（重要文化財）が残る。
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