A type of quantitative analysis, a general term for methods that measure the volume of a substance. It includes titration, which measures the reaction volume of a solution, and gas volumetric analysis, which measures the volume of a gas, but generally, only titration is referred to as volumetric analysis. Titration is a method to determine the total amount of a desired substance present in a certain volume of sample solution by measuring the volume of a standard solution of known concentration required to quantitatively react with it. Direct titration is a method in which an unknown sample is directly titrated with a standard solution, while back titration is a method in which a certain excess amount of a standard solution is added to an unknown sample and the excess is titrated with another standard solution. The end point of the reaction is determined by indicators, electrochemical methods, or optical methods. Measuring vessels used in titration, such as volumetric flasks, burets, and pipettes, must be accurately calibrated. Gas volumetric analysis is a method for quantifying components in a solid or liquid sample by adding a suitable reagent that reacts with the sample and measuring the volume of gas produced by the chemical reaction. Volumetric analysis is simple to operate and has high accuracy, and is widely used along with gravimetric analysis, another quantitative method based on stoichiometry. [Takada Takeo] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
定量分析の一種で、物質の体積を測定することによって定量を行う方法の総称である。溶液の反応体積を測定する滴定法と、ガスの体積を測定するガス容量分析法が含まれるが、一般には滴定法だけを容量分析ということが多い。滴定法は、試料溶液の一定体積中に存在する求める物質の全量を、それと定量的に反応するのに必要な既知濃度の標準液の体積を測定して知る方法である。未知試料を標準液で直接滴定する方法を直接滴定、未知試料に一定過剰量の標準液を加え、その過剰量を別の標準液で滴定する方法を逆滴定という。反応の終点は指示薬や電気化学的、光学的方法によって求める。滴定に使われる測容器であるメスフラスコ、ビュレット、ピペットなどは正確に検度されたものでなければならない。 ガス容量分析法は、固体または液体試料にそれと反応する適当な試薬を加え、化学反応によって生成するガスの体積を測定して試料中の成分を定量する方法である。 容量分析は操作が簡単で、精度も高く、化学量論に基礎を置くもう一つの定量法である重量分析法とともに広く用いられている方法である。 [高田健夫] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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