speleology

Japanese: speleology
speleology

…Spelunking and potholing are also used rarely as synonyms. Recently, caving has become more of a sport with an increased emphasis on exploration, and academic research has been left to speleology. People who do caving are called cavers.

From [Cave]

...In addition, the deposits in the caves have attracted attention because of the abundance of fossilized bones of animals found both inside and outside the caves, and the caves were used as dwellings by prehistoric humans, whose bones and remains have been excavated in various places. A new field of study called speleology has been established today, which includes the fields of geography, biology, anthropology, archaeology, geology, and exploration techniques (caving).
[Japan's limestone caves]
The distribution of limestone in Japan is small and scattered, but it is widespread throughout the country, and distinctive limestone caves can be found in various places.

From [Cave]

...On the other hand, a primary cave is one in which the parent rock and the cave are the same age and the cave does not undergo secondary growth after its creation. Only lava tubes created by volcanic action (formed when a cavity appears in the center as lava cools, also called lava tunnels) fit this description. The academic field that aims to scientifically study various phenomena related to caves, including their origin, structure, and the creatures and ruins that live there, is collectively called speleology. Caving
[Cave creature cavernicole]
Creatures that live in caves...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "speleology" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…同義語としてspelunkingやpotholingもまれに使われている。最近,ケービングは探検の比重が増してスポーツ化し,学術調査は〈洞窟学speleology〉にゆだねられている。なお,ケービングする人をケーバーと呼んでいる。…

【鍾乳洞】より

…さらに,洞内の堆積土の中には,洞内外の動物の化石骨が豊富に発見されることで注目されており,また鍾乳洞が先史人類の住居として利用され,その人骨や遺物が各地で発掘されている。鍾乳洞の研究に関して,今日では地理学,生物学,人類学,考古学,地質学,探検技術(ケービング)などの諸分野をふくむ洞穴学speleologyという新しい学問も成立している。
[日本の鍾乳洞]
 日本における石灰岩の分布は小規模で分散的であるが,広く全国にわたっていて,各地に特色ある鍾乳洞が見られる。…

【洞窟】より

…これに対して一次洞窟とは,母岩と洞窟との年齢が等しく,誕生したのちに洞窟が二次的な成長をしないものをいい,火山の作用でつくられる溶岩洞(溶岩流が冷却するとき,中央部に空洞が生じることによってできるもので,溶岩トンネルとも呼ばれる)のみがこれに該当する。なお,洞窟の成因,構造,そこにすむ生物や遺跡などを含めて,洞窟にかかわるさまざまな事象について科学的研究を目ざす学問は洞窟学speleologyと総称される。ケービング
[洞窟生物cavernicole]
 洞窟の中に生息する生物。…

※「speleology」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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