The Chinese name of a Cambodian country that arose in the middle Mekong River basin around the 6th century. It was used until it was changed to "Kampo (Cambodia)" in the late 16th century, and Zhenla was said to have been a vassal state of Funan. The origin of the name is unknown. It first appeared in the Sui Shu. Babavarman I appeared in 598, followed by King Chitrasena Mahendravarman, Ishanavarman I who paid his first tribute to China in 616, and under the rule of Jayavarman I from 657, Cambodia unified both north and south. However, in the early 8th century, it split into Shuizhenla in the south and Luzhenla in the north. Jayavarman II ascended to the throne in 802, reunited the country, and established the Angkor dynasty. At the end of the 9th century, Yasovarman I built the first royal capital, and thereafter, successive Zhenla kings built capitals and large temples here, including the famous Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom. At its peak in the first half of the 12th century and the beginning of the 13th century, Zhenla was a great empire that covered most of the Indochina Peninsula. Zhenla then rapidly declined. The Chinese Zhou Daguan, who visited Zhenla in 1296, wrote the Zhenla Topography. Zhenla came under attack from the Ayutthaya Dynasty from the second half of the 14th century, and the royal capital fell in 1432, causing the capital to be moved to the south. [Yoshiaki Ishizawa] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
メコン川中流域に6世紀ごろ興ったカンボジア人の国の中国語名称。16世紀後半に「柬埔寨(カンボジア)」と改めるまで使用され、真臘は扶南(ふなん)国の属国であったという。名称の由来は不明。初出は『隋書(ずいしょ)』。598年にバババルマン1世が登場、ついでチトラセーナ・マヘンドラバルマン(質多斯那)王、616年に中国へ初朝貢のイーシャナバルマン(伊奢那先)1世、657年からのジャヤバルマン1世治下で南北カンボジアを統一。しかし、8世紀初めに南の水真臘と北の陸真臘に分裂した。802年にジャヤバルマン2世が登位し、国内再統一を行い、アンコール朝を開いた。9世紀末にヤショバルマン1世が最初の王都を造営し、以後、真臘の諸王は次々とこの地に都城、大寺院を建設、そのなかには有名なアンコール・ワットとアンコール・トムがある。最盛期の12世紀前半と13世紀初めには、インドシナ半島の大部分を版図とする大帝国であった。その後、真臘は急速に衰退した。1296年訪問した中国人周達観が『真臘風土記(ふどき)』を著した。真臘は14世紀後半からアユタヤ朝の攻撃を受け、1432年に王都が陥落し、南部へ遷都した。 [石澤良昭] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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