In particular, Lefschetz used homology groups to define an integer, now called the Lefschetz number, for a continuous mapping f from a finite polyhedron to itself, and showed that this is equal to the algebraic number of fixed points of f , and therefore that if the Lefschetz number of f is not zero, then f has a fixed point. In addition to these, fixed point theorems when analytical conditions are considered were derived long ago by GD Birkhoff (1913) and more recently by MF Atiyah and R. Bott (1966). Fixed point theorems provide a powerful method for proving various existence theorems in mathematics. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Atiyah, MF" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…とくに,レフシェッツは有限多面体からそれ自身への連続写像fに対し,ホモロジー群を用いて今日レフシェッツ数と呼ばれている整数を定義し,これがfの不動点の代数的個数と一致すること,したがってfのレフシェッツ数が0でなければfは不動点をもつことを示した。これら以外に,解析的な条件を考えた場合の不動点定理が,古くはG.D.バーコフによって(1913),また最近ではM.F.アティヤーとR.ボットの合作によって(1966)得られている。 不動点定理は数学における各種の存在定理の証明に強力な方法を提供する。… ※「アティヤー,M.F.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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