Yurin

A prefecture-level city in the northernmost part of Shaanxi Province, China. It governs two city districts and 10 counties, including Suide (as of 2016). Permanent population 3,351,437 (2010). Located on the border between the Ordos desert and the loess region of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, it has always been a contact point between the northern nomadic tribes and the Han people, and the Great Wall of Qin passed through here. Located upstream of the Wuding River, a tributary of the Yellow River, it was a key point on the transportation route across the Ordos Plateau to the Hetao Plain, and counties and military bases were established nearby, but all of them rose and fell repeatedly due to invasions by foreign tribes from the north. During the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall was rebuilt in its current location, and Yulin Wei was established as a key defense base for the Great Wall. During the Qing Dynasty, it became a county. The city was incorporated in 1988.

The main industry is livestock farming, and woolen textiles and carpets are famous specialties, but the expansion of agriculture using irrigation water has been promoted since the Ming dynasty. In recent years, coal mining has also become popular. The Shenyan Line (Shenmu-Yan'an), Baoshen Line (Baotou-Shenmu), and Shenshuo Line (Shenmu-Shuozhou) pass through the city. Yulin-Yuyang Airport opened in 2008. Hongshi Gorge in the north of the city is known as a scenic spot.

[Motohide Akiyama, Editorial Department, July 19, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、陝西(せんせい)省北端の地級市。2市轄区、綏徳(すいとく)など10県を管轄する（2016年時点）。常住人口335万1437（2010）。内モンゴル自治区のオルドスの砂漠と黄土(こうど)地帯との境界にあり、つねに北方の遊牧民族と漢民族との接触地点となり、秦(しん)の長城もここを通っていた。黄河(こうが)の支流、無定河(むていが)の上流にあり、オルドス高原を越えて河套(かとう)平原へ至る交通路の要衝として、付近には県や軍事拠点が設けられたが、いずれも北方異民族の侵入で興廃を繰り返した。明(みん)代には長城を現在の位置に修築し、楡林衛が置かれて長城防御の重鎮とされた。清(しん)代に県となった。1988年市制施行。

　主要な産業は牧畜で、毛織物、じゅうたんなどが特産品として有名であるが、灌漑(かんがい)用水による農耕の拡大も明代以来進められている。近年は石炭採掘も盛ん。神延線（神木(しんもく)―延安(えんあん)）、包神線（パオトウ―神木）、神朔線（神木―朔州(さくしゅう)）が市内を通る。2008年には楡林楡陽空港が開港した。市街北部の紅石峡は名勝地として知られる。

［秋山元秀・編集部　2017年7月19日］

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