The capital of Salah al-Din Governorate in central Iraq. It is located on the Tigris River, about 110 km north-northwest of Baghdad. There are ruins from the 5th millennium BC, but the town was built between the 3rd and 7th centuries. In 836, the 8th Abbasid caliph, Mu'tasim, moved the capital from Baghdad to this place and built a vast palace. The 10th caliph, Mutawakkil, also built a mosque (9th century) that is said to be the largest in Islam (→Great Mosque of Samarra). It is now in ruins, but the minaret of Mar'iyya at the northern end is famous for its spiral shape. In 892, the capital was moved back to Baghdad under Caliph Mu'tamid, but it rapidly declined and was in ruins around 1300. The city is home to Shiite shrines, including the tomb of a prophet from the 10th and 11th centuries. It is also a center of pilgrimage for Shiite Muslims. There is a flood control dam, and a waterway leads to Lake Sarsar. In 2007, the city was registered as a World Heritage Site as the Archaeological City of Samarra. Population: 214,100 (2004 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イラク中央部,サラーフウッディーン県の県都。バグダード北北西約 110km,チグリス川沿岸に位置する。前5千年紀の遺跡が存在するが,町は3~7世紀の間につくられたもの。 836年にアッバース朝 8代のカリフ,ムータシムがバグダードからこの地に遷都,広大な宮殿を建築した。 10代のカリフ,ムタワッキルもイスラム最大といわれるモスク (9世紀) を建てている (→サーマッラーの大モスク ) 。現在は廃虚となっているが,その北端のマルウイーヤのミナレットは,螺旋状をなしていて有名。 892年にカリフのムータミドのときに再びバグダードに遷都され,急速に衰退,1300年頃には廃虚となった。市内には 10~11世紀の預言者の墓を含むシーア派の廟などが残っている。シーア派イスラム教徒の巡礼の中心でもある。洪水調節用の堰があり,水路でサルサール湖に導いている。 2007年考古都市サーマッラーとして世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。人口 21万 4100 (2004推計) 。
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