The head of a state (sūbah) in the Mughal Empire in India. Akbar divided the country into 15 states, but this number increased to 21 under Aurangzeb. The emperor had the power to appoint and dismiss officials, and controlled both the military and political power of the state, placing the heads of finance, accounting, military, and police under him. The diwan, head of finance, often had the power to oppose the subedar. As the power of the Mughal emperor waned in the 18th century, the subedars gained dictatorial power over the states, which gradually became hereditary and independent. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
インド,ムガル帝国の州 sūbahの長官。アクバルは全土を 15の州に分けたが,のちに増加し,アウラングゼーブのときに 21州となった。皇帝が任免権をもち,州の軍,政両権を握り,そのもとに財務,主計,軍事,警察長官などをおいた。財務長官ディーワーンはしばしばスーバダールに対抗する力をもった。 18世紀に入ってムガル皇帝の力が衰えるとスーバダールは州の独裁権を握り,世襲化して次第に独立していった。
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