Radiological technologist - Shinryohoushasengishi

Japanese: 診療放射線技師 - しんりょうほうしゃせんぎし
Radiological technologist - Shinryohoushasengishi

A person licensed by the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare, who works under the direction of a doctor or dentist and whose job is to irradiate the human body with radiation. This is the official name for those commonly known as "X-ray technicians" or "X-ray technicians."

The term "irradiation" here includes photography, but does not include the insertion of irradiation equipment or radioisotopes (including compounds and radioisotopes, or substances containing compounds) into the human body. Radiation refers to (1) α (alpha) particles and β (beta) particles, (2) γ (gamma) particles, (3) electron beams with energies of 1 million electron volts or more, (4) X-rays, and (5) other electromagnetic waves or particle beams as specified by government ordinance. In 1993, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound, and fundus photography were added to the scope of work.

Medical radiologists are regulated by the Medical Radiologists Act (Act No. 83 of 1983). Since the promulgation of the Medical X-ray Technologists Act, which is the basis of this Act, in 1951, medical radiologists were responsible for only irradiating X-rays with energies of less than 1 million electron volts. However, as the handling of alpha and beta rays expanded, the Medical X-ray Technologists Act was amended to the Medical X-ray Technologists and Medical X-ray Technologists Act in 1968, and a medical radiologist system was established to handle all types of radiation. From 1979, training was no longer conducted at medical radiologist schools and training centers, and in 1983, the Medical X-ray Technologists and Medical X-ray Technologists Act (old law) was amended to the Medical X-ray Technologists Act (new law), abolishing the medical radiologist system and consolidating it into medical radiologists. Furthermore, both the old and new laws stipulate that those who have already obtained a license as a clinical X-ray technician can continue to work in the field.

It is stipulated that medical radiologists must not irradiate the human body with radiation unless they receive specific instructions from a doctor or dentist. Specific duties include plain radiography of the chest, abdomen, teeth, etc., contrast radiography of the respiratory system, digestive system, urogenital system, blood vessels, etc., as well as special radiography and some examinations using radioisotopes, and radiation exposure is subject to the obligation to obtain the signature of the doctor or dentist who gave the instructions.

Those who wish to become a clinical radiologist must pass the clinical radiologist examination and obtain a license from the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare. Eligibility to take the examination is as follows: (1) Those who are able to enter a university under the provisions of the School Education Law and who have acquired the knowledge and skills required for a clinical radiologist for three years or more at a school designated by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology or a clinical radiologist training institute designated by the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare, (2) Clinical X-ray technologists or those who are eligible to take the clinical X-ray technologist examination and have acquired the knowledge and skills required for a clinical radiologist for one year or more at a school designated by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology or a clinical radiologist training institute designated by the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare, (3) Those who have graduated from a school or training institute related to clinical radiologists in a foreign country or who have received a license equivalent to a clinical radiologist license in a foreign country and who are recognized by the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare as having academic ability and skills equal to or greater than those listed in (1).

[Yoshida Yasuo]

[Reference] | Radiation

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

厚生労働大臣の免許を受けて、医師または歯科医師の指示のもとに、おもに放射線を人体に対して照射することを業務としている者をいう。一般に「X線技師」「レントゲン技師」などとよばれる者の正式名称。

 ここでいう照射には撮影も含まれるが、照射機器または放射性同位元素(その化合物および放射性同位元素、またはその化合物の含有物を含む)を人体内に挿入して行うものは除かれる。また、放射線とは、(1)α(アルファ)線およびβ(ベータ)線、(2)γ(ガンマ)線、(3)100万電子ボルト以上のエネルギーを有する電子線、(4)X線、(5)その他政令で定める電磁波または粒子線、をさしている。1993年(平成5)より、MRI(磁気共鳴映像法)検査、超音波検査、眼底写真撮影が業務に加えられた。

 診療放射線技師は「診療放射線技師法」(昭和58年法律83号)の規制を受ける。1951年(昭和26)に同法の基となる「診療エックス線技師法」が公布されて以来、100万電子ボルト未満のエネルギーを有するX線の照射のみを行う診療X線技師が業務を担ってきたが、その後、α線やβ線など取り扱いの拡大に伴い、1968年「診療エックス線技師法」は「診療放射線技師及び診療エックス線技師法」に改正され、放射線全般を取り扱う診療放射線技師制度が創設された。1979年からは診療X線技師の学校、養成所においても養成が行われなくなり、1983年(昭和58)には「診療放射線技師及び診療エックス線技師法」(旧法)から「診療放射線技師法」(新法)への法改正がなされ、診療X線技師制度は廃止、診療放射線技師に一本化された。なお、すでに診療X線技師の免許を得た者は、その後も業務ができるように旧法、新法により定められている。

 診療放射線技師は、医師または歯科医師の具体的な指示を受けなければ、放射線を人体に対して照射してはならないと定められている。具体的な業務としては、胸部・腹部・歯牙(しが)などの単純撮影、呼吸器・消化器・泌尿生殖器・脈管などの造影撮影のほか、特殊撮影、放射性同位元素による一部の検査などで、照射については、指示をなした医師または歯科医師の署名を受けることが義務づけられている。

 診療放射線技師になろうとする者は、診療放射線技師試験に合格し、厚生労働大臣の免許を受けなければならない。受験資格は、学校教育法の規定により大学に入学することができる者で、(1)文部科学大臣が指定した学校、または厚生労働大臣が指定した診療放射線技師養成所において3年以上、診療放射線技師として必要な知識および技能を修得した者、(2)診療X線技師、または診療X線技師試験を受けることができる者で、文部科学大臣が指定した学校、または厚生労働大臣が指定した診療放射線技師養成所において1年以上、診療放射線技師として必要な知識および技能を修得した者、(3)外国の診療放射線技師に関する学校もしくは養成所を卒業し、または外国で診療放射線技師免許に相当する免許を受けた者で、厚生労働大臣が(1)に掲げる者と同等以上の学力および技能を有するものと認めた者、となっている。

[吉田安雄]

[参照項目] | 放射線

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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