Born: February 20, 1882 in Riga Died October 9, 1950. Göttingen. German philosopher. Professor at Marburg (1920), Cologne (1925), Berlin (1931), and Göttingen (1945). He started out as a member of the Marburg School, but was influenced by Husserl's phenomenology and moved away from neo-Kantian formalism, attempting to unify idealism and realism. His position was more objective than Husserl's constructive phenomenology and Heidegger's hermeneutical ontology, and was an object-centered ontology in which the layered structure of the real world was an issue. In ethics, he was close to Scheler's position on substantial value ethics (→ value theory). In aesthetics, he understood aesthetic objects as having a two-layered structure with sensory images as the "foreground" and ideal content as the "background." His major works include The Metaphysics of Knowledge (1921), Ethics (26), The Foundations of Ontology (35), The Structure of the Real World (40), and Aesthetics (53). Hartmann |
[生]1882.2.20. リガ [没]1950.10.9. ゲッティンゲン ドイツの哲学者。 1920年マールブルク,25年ケルン,31年ベルリン,45年ゲッティンゲンの各大学教授。マールブルク学派から出発したが,フッサールの現象学の影響を受け,新カント派の形式主義から離れ,観念論と実在論の統一を試みた。彼の立場はフッサールの構成的現象学やハイデガーの解釈学的存在論と比べれば客観的傾向が強く,対象中心の存在論であり,実在的世界の層構造が問題とされた。倫理学的にはシェーラーの実質的価値倫理学の立場に近い (→価値論 ) 。美学的には美的対象を「前景」としての感覚的形象と「後景」としての理念的内容の2層的構造として把握した。主著『認識の形而上学』 Grundzüge einer Metaphysik der Erkenntnis (1921) ,『倫理学』 Ethik (26) ,『存在論の基礎づけ』 Zur Grundlegung der Ontologie (35) ,『実在的世界の構造』 Der Aufbau der realen Welt (40) ,『美学』 Ästhetik (53) 。 ハルトマン
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