Amplitude modulation

Japanese: 振幅変調 - しんぷくへんちょう(英語表記)amplitude modulation
Amplitude modulation

This is the oldest modulation method used in wireless communication. It is abbreviated as AM. It is widely used in medium and short wave radio broadcasting, and the transmission of NTSC television video signals. This modulation method modulates the carrier wave by changing the amplitude of the carrier wave according to the change in the amplitude of the signal current to be transmitted, so that the envelope becomes similar to the signal waveform.

However, when you try to change the amplitude of the carrier wave, two frequencies are generated, one higher than the carrier wave and one lower than the signal frequency. These are called sidebands, and when the signal frequency changes, the frequency of the sideband changes, and when the amplitude increases or decreases, the amplitude increases or decreases. Amplitude modulation does not cause any change in the carrier wave, so the carrier wave does not contain any information components, and only the sidebands convey information. Even in the case of 100% modulation, the amplitude of the sidebands is only half that of the carrier wave, so the power of one sideband is only one-quarter of the carrier wave. Since the maximum power of the sidebands is only one-third of the total transmission power, it cannot be said to be efficient. The width of the occupied frequency band is twice the highest frequency contained in the signal wave. For example, in medium wave radio broadcasting, the width occupied by radio waves is set to 15 kHz in Article 6, Appendix 2 of the Radio Equipment Regulations, so the highest frequency that can be transmitted by radio is 7.5 kHz.

[Iwao Ishijima]

[Reference] | Frequency modulation | Modulation

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

無線通信においてもっとも古くから行われてきた変調方式。略してAMという。中波や短波のラジオ放送、およびNTSC方式のテレビ映像信号の伝送などに広く用いられている。搬送波を変調するにあたり、伝送すべき信号電流の振幅変化に応じて搬送波の振幅に変化を与え、その包絡線が信号波形と相似となるようにした変調方式である。

 しかし、搬送波の振幅に変化を与えようとすると、搬送波を中心として信号の周波数だけ高い周波数、および低い周波数の二つの周波数が発生する。これを側波帯といい、信号の周波数が変化するとその側波帯の周波数が変化し、振幅が増減するとその振幅が増減する。振幅変調を行っても搬送波にはなんの変化も生じないので、搬送波には情報の成分は含まれず、情報を伝えるのは側波帯だけなのである。100%変調の場合でも、側波帯の振幅は搬送波の半分しかないから、片方の側波帯の電力は搬送波の4分の1しかない。全送信電力の3分の1だけが側波帯の電力の最大値となるから、能率がよいとはいいがたい。占有周波数帯の幅は、信号波に含まれるもっとも高い周波数の2倍になる。たとえば、中波のラジオ放送では、無線設備規則第6条・別表第2号で、電波の占有する幅を15キロヘルツと決められているので、ラジオで伝送できるもっとも高い周波数は7.5キロヘルツとなる。

[石島 巖]

[参照項目] | 周波数変調 | 変調

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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