Born: July 19, 1945, Edinburgh. British biophysicist and molecular biologist. He obtained his bachelor's degree in physics from the University of Edinburgh in 1966, then studied at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology at the University of Cambridge, and obtained his doctorate in 1969. After working as a postdoctoral researcher at Yale University in the United States, he joined the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in 1973, and served as its director from 1996 to 2006. He has attempted structural analysis of biomolecules such as proteins, which was said to be difficult to do using electron microscopes. In 1975, he was the first in the world to clarify the three-dimensional structure of a protein by covering the surface of the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin set in a transmission electron microscope with a glucose solution to prevent damage from drying and electron beam irradiation, and taking photographs from various angles. In 1990, he applied the technique of cryo-electron microscopy, which freezes proteins at ultra-low temperatures, and succeeded in detailed structural analysis of bacteriorhodopsin at the atomic level. High-resolution analysis of biomolecules has made a significant contribution to the advancement of structural biology and the development of new drugs, and in 2017, Henderson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (→Nobel Prize) along with Swiss biophysicist Jacques Dubochet and American biochemist Joachim Frank for "the development of a cryo-electron microscope capable of high-resolution structural determination of biomolecules in solution." He has also received numerous other awards and honours, including the Rosenstiel Prize in 1991 and the Copley Medal from the Royal Society in 2016. He was made a member of the Royal Society in 1983, a foreign associate member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1998, and a member of the British Academy of Medical Sciences. Henderson |
[生]1945.7.19. エディンバラ イギリスの生物物理学者,分子生物学者。1966年エディンバラ大学で物理学の学士号を取得,その後ケンブリッジ大学の MRC分子生物学研究所で学び,1969年博士号を取得。アメリカ合衆国のエール大学で博士研究員を務めたのち,1973年以降 MRC分子生物学研究所に勤務,1996~2006年同所長。電子顕微鏡では困難といわれた蛋白質など生体分子の構造解析に挑み,1975年透過型電子顕微鏡にセットした膜蛋白質バクテリオロドプシンの表面をグルコース溶液で覆って乾燥や電子ビーム照射による損傷を防ぎつつ,さまざまな角度から撮影するなどして,世界で初めて蛋白質の 3次元構造を明らかにした。1990年には蛋白質を超低温で凍結するクライオ電子顕微鏡法の技術を適用し,バクテリオロドプシンの原子レベルでの詳細な構造解析に成功した。生体分子の高分解能解析は,構造生物学の発展や新薬の開発に多大な貢献をし,ヘンダーソンは 2017年「溶液中の生体分子の構造決定を高解像度でできるクライオ電子顕微鏡の開発」により,スイスの生物物理学者ジャック・デュボシェ,アメリカ合衆国の生化学者ヨアヒム・フランクとともにノーベル化学賞(→ノーベル賞)を受賞。ほかにも 1991年ローゼンスティール賞,2016年ロイヤル・ソサエティのコプリー・メダルなど受賞・受章多数。1983年ロイヤル・ソサエティ会員,1998年全米科学アカデミー海外準会員,イギリス医学アカデミー会員。 ヘンダーソン
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