Henderson, Richard

Japanese: ヘンダーソン(英語表記)Henderson, Richard
Henderson, Richard
Born: July 19, 1945, Edinburgh. British biophysicist and molecular biologist. He obtained his bachelor's degree in physics from the University of Edinburgh in 1966, then studied at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology at the University of Cambridge, and obtained his doctorate in 1969. After working as a postdoctoral researcher at Yale University in the United States, he joined the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in 1973, and served as its director from 1996 to 2006. He has attempted structural analysis of biomolecules such as proteins, which was said to be difficult to do using electron microscopes. In 1975, he was the first in the world to clarify the three-dimensional structure of a protein by covering the surface of the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin set in a transmission electron microscope with a glucose solution to prevent damage from drying and electron beam irradiation, and taking photographs from various angles. In 1990, he applied the technique of cryo-electron microscopy, which freezes proteins at ultra-low temperatures, and succeeded in detailed structural analysis of bacteriorhodopsin at the atomic level. High-resolution analysis of biomolecules has made a significant contribution to the advancement of structural biology and the development of new drugs, and in 2017, Henderson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (→Nobel Prize) along with Swiss biophysicist Jacques Dubochet and American biochemist Joachim Frank for "the development of a cryo-electron microscope capable of high-resolution structural determination of biomolecules in solution." He has also received numerous other awards and honours, including the Rosenstiel Prize in 1991 and the Copley Medal from the Royal Society in 2016. He was made a member of the Royal Society in 1983, a foreign associate member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1998, and a member of the British Academy of Medical Sciences.

Henderson
Henderson, Rickey

Born December 25, 1958 in Chicago, Illinois. American professional baseball player. Full name Rickey Henley Henderson. He made his major league debut with the Oakland Athletics in 1979. In 1980, his first full season, he stole 100 bases, breaking Ty Cobb's record for most stolen bases in a single season in the American League. Starting that year, he led the league in stolen bases for seven consecutive years. In 1982, he stole 130 bases, breaking Lou Brock's major league record of 118 stolen bases set in 1974. He was traded to the New York Yankees after the 1984 season, but returned to the Athletics during the 1989 season and helped the Athletics win the World Series that year. In 1990, he broke Cobb's league record for total stolen bases and was named the league's MVP. In 1991, he stole his 939th base, breaking Brock's career record for stolen bases. In 2001, while playing for the San Diego Padres, he broke Babe Ruth's career record of 2,062 walks, a record he held until Barry Bonds broke it in 2004. In the same year, he scored his 2,246th run, surpassing Cobb's career record, and on the final day of the season, he became the 25th player in major league history to reach 3,000 hits. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2009.

Henderson
Henderson, Arthur

Born: September 13, 1863, Glasgow
[Died] October 20, 1935. London British politician. Originally a mould worker. After working as a trade union leader, he was a Labour MP in 1903. He was party secretary from 1911 to 1934. At the start of World War I, he supported the war effort, and served as Minister of Education in the coalition government of H. Asquith and Lloyd George. In 1917, he went to Russia as a government envoy, and agreed with the views of the Provisional Government. On his return, he proposed sending a representative to the Socialist Conference in Stockholm, but the British government did not approve, and he resigned. Together with S. Webb, he worked to strengthen and develop the Labour Party. In 1918, he contributed to the formulation of the party platform. He served as Home Secretary and Foreign Secretary in JR MacDonald's first (1924) and second (1929-31) Labour governments. He worked to promote the League of Nations and the establishment of the Geneva Naval Disarmament Conference, but came into conflict with MacDonald over economic policy, and the cabinet collapsed. He became leader of the Labour Party in opposition to the MacDonald government of national unity that was formed in 1931, but lost a seat in the election that same year and instead devoted himself to his duties as chairman of the Conference on Disarmament. In 1934 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Henderson
Henderson, Fletcher

Born December 18, 1898, Georgia Cuthbert
[Died] December 29, 1952. New York. American jazz pianist and orchestra conductor. After graduating from Atlanta University, he became a jazz pianist in 1920 and formed a small orchestra in 1923. In 1924, he changed to a large orchestra and became a pioneer of big band jazz. In 1939, the orchestra disbanded, and he arranged for the Benny Goodman Orchestra, creating the swing era.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1945.7.19. エディンバラ
イギリスの生物物理学者,分子生物学者。1966年エディンバラ大学で物理学の学士号を取得,その後ケンブリッジ大学の MRC分子生物学研究所で学び,1969年博士号を取得。アメリカ合衆国のエール大学で博士研究員を務めたのち,1973年以降 MRC分子生物学研究所に勤務,1996~2006年同所長。電子顕微鏡では困難といわれた蛋白質など生体分子の構造解析に挑み,1975年透過型電子顕微鏡にセットした膜蛋白質バクテリオロドプシンの表面をグルコース溶液で覆って乾燥や電子ビーム照射による損傷を防ぎつつ,さまざまな角度から撮影するなどして,世界で初めて蛋白質の 3次元構造を明らかにした。1990年には蛋白質を超低温で凍結するクライオ電子顕微鏡法の技術を適用し,バクテリオロドプシンの原子レベルでの詳細な構造解析に成功した。生体分子の高分解能解析は,構造生物学の発展や新薬の開発に多大な貢献をし,ヘンダーソンは 2017年「溶液中の生体分子の構造決定を高解像度でできるクライオ電子顕微鏡の開発」により,スイスの生物物理学者ジャック・デュボシェ,アメリカ合衆国の生化学者ヨアヒム・フランクとともにノーベル化学賞(→ノーベル賞)を受賞。ほかにも 1991年ローゼンスティール賞,2016年ロイヤル・ソサエティのコプリー・メダルなど受賞・受章多数。1983年ロイヤル・ソサエティ会員,1998年全米科学アカデミー海外準会員,イギリス医学アカデミー会員。

ヘンダーソン
Henderson, Rickey

[生]1958.12.25. イリノイ,シカゴ
アメリカ合衆国のプロ野球選手。フルネーム Rickey Henley Henderson。1979年オークランド・アスレティックスで大リーグデビュー。初めての年間出場シーズンとなった 1980年に 100盗塁を達成し,タイ・カッブのもつアメリカンリーグの年間最多盗塁記録を更新。この年を皮切りに,7年連続でリーグ盗塁王に輝く。1982年にはルー・ブロックが 1974年に達成した年間 118盗塁の大リーグ記録を上回る 130盗塁を達成。1984年のシーズン終了後にニューヨーク・ヤンキーズにトレードされたが,1989年のシーズン中に再びアスレティックスに戻り,その年のワールドシリーズ制覇に貢献した。1990年には通算盗塁数でもカッブのもつリーグ記録を更新し,リーグ最優秀選手 MVPに選出された。1991年には通算 939個目となる盗塁を決め,ブロックのもつ通算盗塁数の大リーグ記録も塗り替えた。サンディエゴ・パドレス在籍中の 2001年,ベーブ・ルースの通算四球記録 2062を更新,2004年にバリー・ボンズに破られるまで最多記録を維持した。同 2001年,通算 2246得点目を上げてカッブのもつ通算記録を上回り,さらにシーズン最終日に大リーグ史上 25人目となる 3000本安打を達成した。2009年野球殿堂入りを果たした。

ヘンダーソン
Henderson, Arthur

[生]1863.9.13. グラスゴー
[没]1935.10.20. ロンドン
イギリスの政治家。鋳型工の出身。労働組合指導者を経て,1903年労働党下院議員。 11~34年党書記。第1次世界大戦当初,戦争協力の姿勢をとり,H.アスキスおよびロイド・ジョージの連立内閣に文相として入閣。 17年政府使節としてロシアに行き,臨時政府の見解に賛同,帰国後,ストックホルムの社会主義者大会への代表派遣を提案したが,イギリス政府の承諾を得られず,辞職。 S.ウェッブとともに,労働党の強化育成に努力。 18年の党綱領決定に貢献。第1次 (1924) ,2次 (29~31) の J.R.マクドナルド労働党内閣の内相,外相。国際連盟の推進やジュネーブ海軍軍縮会議の創設に努めたが,経済政策でマクドナルドと対立,内閣は瓦解。 31年組織されたマクドナルドの挙国一致内閣に対する反対党としての労働党の指導者となったが,同年の選挙で議席を得られず,軍縮会議議長の職務に邁進。 34年ノーベル平和賞受賞。

ヘンダーソン
Henderson, Fletcher

[生]1898.12.18. ジョージア,カスバート
[没]1952.12.29. ニューヨーク
アメリカのジャズ・ピアニスト,楽団指揮者。アトランタ大学を卒業後,1920年にジャズ・ピアニストになり,23年に小編成の楽団を結成。 24年には大編成に変えてビッグ・バンド・ジャズの先駆者となった。 39年に楽団は解散,ベニー・グッドマン楽団の編曲をして,スイング時代をつくりだした。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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